Klionsky, D. J. et al. Autophagy in major human diseases. EMBO J. 40, e108863 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Nishimura, T. & Tooze, S. A. Emerging roles of ATG proteins and membrane lipids in autophagosome formation. Cell Discov. 6, 32 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zhao, Y. G., Codogno, P. & Zhang, H. Machinery, regulation and pathophysiological implications of autophagosome maturation. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 22, 733–750 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Nakatogawa, H. Mechanisms governing autophagosome biogenesis. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 21, 439–458 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Grumati, P. & Dikic, I. Ubiquitin signaling and autophagy. J. Biol. Chem. 293, 5404–5413 (2018).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Galluzzi, L. & Green, D. R. Autophagy-independent functions of the autophagy machinery. Cell 177, 1682–1699 (2019).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kenific, C. M. & Debnath, J. Cellular and metabolic functions for autophagy in cancer cells. Trends Cell Biol. 25, 37–45 (2015).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Tsukada, M. & Ohsumi, Y. Isolation and characterization of autophagy-defective mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett. 333, 169–174 (1993).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Lum, J. J., DeBerardinis, R. J. & Thompson, C. B. Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 6, 439–448 (2005).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Levy, J. M. M., Towers, C. G. & Thorburn, A. Targeting autophagy in cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer 17, 528–542 (2017).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Amaravadi, R. K., Kimmelman, A. C. & Debnath, J. Targeting autophagy in cancer: recent advances and future directions. Cancer Discov. 9, 1167–1181 (2019).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Russell, R. C. & Guan, K. L. The multifaceted role of autophagy in cancer. EMBO J. 41, e110031 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Amaravadi, R., Kimmelman, A. C. & White, E. Recent insights into the function of autophagy in cancer. Genes Dev. 30, 1913–1930 (2016).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Cassidy, L. D. & Narita, M. Autophagy at the intersection of aging, senescence, and cancer. Mol. Oncol. 16, 3259–3275 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Liang, X. H. et al. Induction of autophagy and inhibition of tumorigenesis by beclin 1. Nature 402, 672–676 (1999).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Aita, V. M. et al. Cloning and genomic organization of beclin 1, a candidate tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 17q21. Genomics 59, 59–65 (1999).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Yue, Z., Jin, S., Yang, C., Levine, A. J. & Heintz, N. Beclin 1, an autophagy gene essential for early embryonic development, is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 15077–15082 (2003).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Laddha, S. V., Ganesan, S., Chan, C. S. & White, E. Mutational landscape of the essential autophagy gene BECN1 in human cancers. Mol. Cancer Res. 12, 485–490 (2014).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lebovitz, C. B., Bortnik, S. B. & Gorski, S. M. Here, there be dragons: charting autophagy-related alterations in human tumors. Clin. Cancer Res. 18, 1214–1226 (2012).
Qu, X. et al. Promotion of tumorigenesis by heterozygous disruption of the beclin 1 autophagy gene. J. Clin. Invest. 112, 1809–1820 (2003).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Takamura, A. et al. Autophagy-deficient mice develop multiple liver tumors. Genes Dev. 25, 795–800 (2011).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Barthet, V. J. A. et al. Autophagy suppresses the formation of hepatocyte-derived cancer-initiating ductular progenitor cells in the liver. Sci. Adv. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf9141 (2021).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Tasdemir, E. et al. Regulation of autophagy by cytoplasmic p53. Nat. Cell Biol. 10, 676–687 (2008).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Crighton, D. et al. DRAM, a p53-induced modulator of autophagy, is critical for apoptosis. Cell 126, 121–134 (2006).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kenzelmann Broz, D. et al. Global genomic profiling reveals an extensive p53-regulated autophagy program contributing to key p53 responses. Genes Dev. 27, 1016–1031 (2013).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Yang, Y. et al. Autophagy promotes mammalian survival by suppressing oxidative stress and p53. Genes Dev. 34, 688–700 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, H. et al. Chaperone-mediated autophagy degrades mutant p53. Genes Dev. 27, 1718–1730 (2013).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Minamoto, T. et al. Loss of beclin 1 expression in ovarian cancer: a potential biomarker for predicting unfavorable outcomes. Oncol. Lett. 15, 1170–1176 (2018).
Huang, X., Bai, H. M., Chen, L., Li, B. & Lu, Y. C. Reduced expression of LC3B-II and Beclin 1 in glioblastoma multiforme indicates a down-regulated autophagic capacity that relates to the progression of astrocytic tumors. J. Clin. Neurosci. 17, 1515–1519 (2010).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Frangez, Z. et al. ATG5 and ATG7 expression levels are reduced in cutaneous melanoma and regulated by NRF1. Front. Oncol. 11, 721624 (2021).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kang, M. R. et al. Frameshift mutations of autophagy-related genes ATG2B, ATG5, ATG9B and ATG12 in gastric and colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability. J. Pathol. 217, 702–706 (2009).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Chourasia, A. H. et al. Mitophagy defects arising from BNip3 loss promote mammary tumor progression to metastasis. EMBO Rep. 16, 1145–1163 (2015).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Humpton, T. J. et al. Oncogenic KRAS induces NIX-mediated mitophagy to promote pancreatic cancer. Cancer Disco. 9, 1268–1287 (2019).
Gubas, A. & Dikic, I. A guide to the regulation of selective autophagy receptors. FEBS J. 289, 75–89 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kirkin, V. & Rogov, V. V. A diversity of selective autophagy receptors determines the specificity of the autophagy pathway. Mol. Cell 76, 268–285 (2019).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Mancias, J. D. & Kimmelman, A. C. Mechanisms of selective autophagy in normal physiology and cancer. J. Mol. Biol. 428, 1659–1680 (2016).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Vargas, J. N. S., Hamasaki, M., Kawabata, T., Youle, R. J. & Yoshimori, T. The mechanisms and roles of selective autophagy in mammals. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-022-00542-2 (2022).
留言 (0)