Reijnders TDY, Saris A, Schultz MJ, van der Poll T. Immunomodulation by macrolides: therapeutic potential for critical care. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(6):619–30.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ankawi G, Neri M, Zhang J, Breglia A, Ricci Z, Ronco C. Extracorporeal techniques for the treatment of critically ill patients with sepsis beyond conventional blood purification therapy: the promises and the pitfalls. Crit Care. 2018;22(1):262.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ricci Z, Romagnoli S, Reis T, Bellomo R, Ronco C. Hemoperfusion in the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med. 2022;48(10):1397–408.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang Q, Li Y, Tuohuti P, Qin Z, Zhang Z, Zhao W, Su B. Advances in the development of biomaterials for endotoxin adsorption in sepsis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021;9: 699418.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Monard C, Abraham P, Schneider A, Rimmelé T. New targets for extracorporeal blood purification therapies in sepsis. Blood Purif. 2023;52(1):1–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Villa G, Neri M, Bellomo R, Cerda J, De Gaudio AR, De Rosa S, Garzotto F, Honore PM, Kellum J, Lorenzin A, et al. Nomenclature for renal replacement therapy and blood purification techniques in critically ill patients: practical applications. Criti Care. 2016;20(1):283.

Article  Google Scholar 

Li Y, Sun P, Chang K, Yang M, Deng N, Chen S, Su B. Effect of continuous renal replacement therapy with the oxiris hemofilter on critically ill patients: a narrative review. J Clin Med. 2022;11(22):6719.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gong T, Liu L, Jiang W, Zhou R. DAMP-sensing receptors in sterile inflammation and inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020;20(2):95–112.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zindel J, Kubes P. DAMPs, PAMPs, and LAMPs in immunity and sterile inflammation. Annu Rev Pathol. 2020;15:493–518.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rumpret M, von Richthofen HJ, Peperzak V, Meyaard L. Inhibitory pattern recognition receptors. J Exp Med. 2022;219(1): e20211463.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li L, Lu YQ. The regulatory role of high-mobility group protein 1 in sepsis-related immunity. Fronti Immunol. 2021;11: 601815.

Article  Google Scholar 

Li Y, Wan D, Luo X, Song T, Wang Y, Yu Q, Jiang L, Liao R, Zhao W, Su B. Circulating histones in sepsis: potential outcome predictors and therapeutic targets. Front Immunol. 2021;12: 650184.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang R, Zou X, Tenhunen J, Tonnessen TI. HMGB1 and extracellular histones significantly contribute to systemic inflammation and multiple organ failure in acute liver failure. Mediators Inflamm. 2017;2017:5928078.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Szatmary P, Liu T, Abrams ST, Voronina S, Wen L, Chvanov M, Huang W, Wang G, Criddle DN, Tepikin AV, et al. Systemic histone release disrupts plasmalemma and contributes to necrosis in acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2017;17(6):884–92.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shen X, Li WQ. High-mobility group box 1 protein and its role in severe acute pancreatitis. Orld J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(5):1424–35.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Abrams ST, Zhang N, Manson J, Liu T, Dart C, Baluwa F, Wang SS, Brohi K, Kipar A, Yu W, et al. Circulating histones are mediators of trauma-associated lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187(2):160–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shaw RJ, Abrams ST, Austin J, Taylor JM, Lane S, Dutt T, Downey C, Du M, Turtle L, Baillie JK, et al. Circulating histones play a central role in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and mortality. Haematologica. 2021;106(9):2493–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

de Vries F, Huckriede J, Wichapong K, Reutelingsperger C, Nicolaes GAF. The role of extracellular histones in COVID-19. J Intern Med. 2023;293(3):275–92.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu T, Huang W, Szatmary P, Abrams ST, Alhamdi Y, Lin Z, Greenhalf W, Wang G, Sutton R, Toh CH. Accuracy of circulating histones in predicting persistent organ failure and mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg. 2017;104(9):1215–25.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Alhamdi Y, Abrams ST, Cheng Z, Jing S, Su D, Liu Z, Lane S, Welters I, Wang G, Toh C-H. Circulating histones are major mediators of cardiac injury in patients with sepsis. Criti Care Med. 2015;43(10):2094–103.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lu NF, Jiang L, Zhu B, Yang DG, Zheng RQ, Shao J, Xi XM. Elevated plasma histone H4 level predicts increased risk of mortality in patients with sepsis. Ann Palliat Med. 2020;9(3):1084–91.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wen Z, Lei Z, Yao L, Jiang P, Gu T, Ren F, Liu Y, Gou C, Li X, Wen T. Circulating histones are major mediators of systemic inflammation and cellular injury in patients with acute liver failure. Cell Death Dis. 2016;7(9): e2391.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ng H, Havervall S, Rosell A, Aguilera K, Parv K, von Meijenfeldt FA, Lisman T, Mackman N, Thalin C, Phillipson M. Circulating markers of neutrophil extracellular traps are of prognostic value in patients With COVID-19. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2021;41(2):988–94.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang H, Ochani M, Li JH, Qiang XL, Tanovic M, Harris HE, Susarla SM, Ulloa L, Wang H, DiRaimo R, et al. Reversing established sepsis with antagonists of endogenous high-mobility group box 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101(1):296–301.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang W, Sun L, Deng YH, Tang J. Synergistic effects of antibodies against high-mobility group box 1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibodies on D-(+)-galactosamine hydrochloride/lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver failure. FEBS J. 2013;280(6):1409–19.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wen Z, Liu Y, Li F, Ren F, Chen D, Li X, Wen T. Circulating histones exacerbate inflammation in mice with acute liver failure. J Cell Biochem. 2013;114(10):2384–91.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cheng Z, Abrams ST, Alhamdi Y, Toh J, Yu W, Wang G, Toh C-H. Circulating histones are major mediators of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in acute critical illnesses. Criti Care Med. 2019;47(8):E677–84.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sawa H, Ueda T, Takeyama Y, Yasuda T, Shinzeki M, Nakajima T, Kuroda Y. Blockade of high mobility group box-1 protein attenuates experimental severe acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12(47):7666–70.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhu C, Liang Y, Li X, Chen N, Ma X. Unfractionated heparin attenuates histone-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro and prevents intestinal microcirculatory dysfunction in histone-infused rats. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2019;87(3):614–22.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhu C, Liang Y, Liu Y, Shu W, Luan Z, Ma X. Unfractionated heparin protects microcirculation in endotoxemic rats by antagonizing histones. J Surg Res. 2023;282:84–92.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li L, Ling Y, Huang M, Yin T, Gou SM, Zhan NY, Xiong JX, Wu HS, Yang ZY, Wang CY. Heparin inhibits the inflammatory response induced by LPS and HMGB1 by blocking the binding of HMGB1 to the surface of macrophages. Cytokine. 2015;72(1):36–42.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Luan ZG, Hu B, Wu L, Jin SZ, Ma XC, Zhang J, Wang AP. Unfractionated heparin alleviates human lung endothelial barrier dysfunction induced by high mobility group box 1 through regulation of p38-gsk3 beta-snail signaling pathway. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018;46(5):1907–18.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Weber B, Lackner I, Baur M, Fois G, Gebhard F, Marzi I, Schrezenmeier H, Relja B, Kalbitz M. Effects of circulating HMGB-1 and histones on cardiomyocytes-hemadsorption of these DAMPs as therapeutic strategy after multiple trauma. J Clin Med. 2020;9(5):1421.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nakamura T, Moriyama K, Shimomura Y, Kato Y, Kuriyama N, Hara Y, Yamada S, Nishida O. Adsorption kinetics of high mobility group box 1 protein in a polyacrylonitrile hemofiltration membrane. Ther Apher Dial. 2021;25(1):66–72.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ebeyer-Masotta M, Eichhorn T, Weiss R, Semak V, Lauková L, Fischer MB, Weber V. Heparin-functionalized adsorbents eliminate central effectors of immunothrombosis, including platelet factor 4, high-mobility group box 1 protein and histones. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(3):1823.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central