Cancer survival in the northwestern of São Paulo State, Brazil: A population-based study

ElsevierVolume 83, April 2023, 102339Cancer EpidemiologyAuthor links open overlay panel, , , , , AbstractBackground

Population-based cancer registry (PBCR) data provide crucial information for evaluating the effectiveness of cancer services and reflect prospects for cure by estimating population-based cancer survival. This study provides long-term trends in survival among patients diagnosed with cancer in the Barretos region (São Paulo State, Brazil).

Methods

In this population-based study, we estimated the one- and five-year age-standardized net survival rates of 13,246 patients diagnosed with 24 different cancer types in Barretos region between 2000 and 2018. The results were presented by sex, time since diagnosis, disease stage, and period of diagnosis.

Results

Marked differences in the one- and five-year age-standardized net survival rates were observed across the cancer sites. Pancreatic cancer had the lowest 5-year net survival (5.5 %, 95 %CI: 2.9–9.4) followed by oesophageal cancer (5.6 %, 95 %CI: 3.0–9.4), while prostate cancer ranked the best (92.1 %, 95 %CI: 87.8–94.9), followed by thyroid cancer (87.4 %, 95 %CI: 69.9–95.1) and female breast cancer (78.3 %, 95 %CI: 74.5–81.6). The survival rates differed substantially according to sex and clinical stage. Comparing the first (2000–2005) and last (2012–2018) periods, cancer survival improved, especially for thyroid, leukemia, and pharyngeal cancers, with differences of 34.4 %, 29.0 %, and 28.7 %, respectively.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate long-term cancer survival in the Barretos region, showing an overall improvement over the last two decades. Survival varied by site, indicating the need for multiple cancer control actions in the future with a lower burden of cancer.

Section snippetsBackground

Cancer is the world's leading public health problem, and is among the four leading causes of premature death (before 70 years of age) in most countries. In the future, the cancer burden is expected to rise by approximately 30 million in 2040 (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer cases) compared to the 19 million estimated in 2020 [1]. The increase in cancer incidence and mortality is driven by aging, population growth, and changing distribution of risk factors, especially those associated with

Methods

Data on cancer cases were obtained from 18 cities within the Barretos region located in northwestern São Paulo State, Brazil. These include Altair, Barretos, Bebedouro, Cajobi, Colina, Colômbia, Guaíra, Guaraci, Jaborandi, Monte Azul Paulista, Olímpia, Severínia, Taiaçu, Taiúva, Taquaral, Terra Roxa, Viradouro, and Vista Alegre do Alto, comprising both rural and urban populations, with about 437,000 estimated inhabitants in 2020. da Costa et al. provided a full description of the PBCR-Barretos

Results

Based on the inclusion criteria, 13,246 cancer cases diagnosed in the Barretos region between 2000 and 2018 were included in this study. Of the 24 cancer types, prostate cancer (2397 cases), female breast cancer (2147 cases), and lung cancer (1068 cases) accounted for 42 % of all included cases. The median age at diagnosis ranged from 31 years in patients diagnosed with Hodgkin’s lymphoma to 70 years in those with urinary tract cancers (Table 1).

Marked differences in the one- and five-year

Discussion

For the first time, this study presents an overview of the long-term pattern of survival trend of cancer cases diagnosed within the Barretos region, located in the São Paulo state countryside in Brazil. Survival varied markedly by sex and cancer type, which is partly explained by the differences in the distribution of stages at diagnosis. However, survival also differed within each stage by diagnostic group; for example, the survival of patients diagnosed at early cancer stages varied across

CRediT authorship contribution statement

AMC participated in the conception, design, development of methodology, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation, and writing of the manuscript; AB and HC participated in the analysis and interpretation and writing of the manuscript; EW participated in the design and review of the manuscript and study supervision, IS, and JHTGF participated in the conception, design, analysis, and interpretation of data and review and revision of the manuscript; All authors read and approved the final

Ethical approval and patient consent to participate

This study had a retrospective design involving database analyses with minimal risk to participants. To mitigate risks, the researchers kept the information confidential. This study did not directly benefit the participants because population-based cancer registry studies were designed to provide subsidies for future public health actions. Owing to the nature of the study, an exemption from informed consent was requested from the Barretos Cancer Hospital Ethics Committee (Ethics Committee

Funding

This study was financially supported by the São Paulo Government (São Paulo Research Foundation – FAPESP through Grants 2019/21722-0, 2018/22097-0, and 2017/03787-2.

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests related to the study “Cancer survival in the northwestern of São Paulo state, Brazil: a population-based study”.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Population-Based Cancer Registry of Barretos Cancer Hospital (São Paulo, Brazil) and the SEADE Foundation.

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