Research ArticleNeuroscienceTherapeutics Open Access | 10.1172/JCI166408

Weihua Ding,1 Lukas Fischer,2 Qian Chen,2 Ziyi Li,3 Liuyue Yang,1 Zerong You,1 Kun Hu,4 Xinbo Wu,1 Xue Zhou,1 Wei Chao,5 Peter Hu,5 Tewodros Mulugeta Dagnew,6 Daniel M. Dubreuil,1 Shiyu Wang,1 Suyun Xia,1 Caroline Bao,2 Shengmei Zhu,7 Lucy Chen,1 Changning Wang,6 Brian Wainger,1 Peng Jin,8 Jianren Mao,1 Guoping Feng,2 Mark T. Harnett,2 and Shiqian Shen1

1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

4Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

5Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

6MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

7Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliate Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Address correspondence to: Mark Harnett, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Phone: 617.324.6989; Email: harnett@mit.edu. Or to: Shiqian Shen, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6501E, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Phone: 617.726.4177; Email: sshen2@mgh.harvard.edu.

Authorship note: WD, LF, and QC contributed equally to this work.

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1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

4Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

5Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

6MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

7Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliate Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Address correspondence to: Mark Harnett, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Phone: 617.324.6989; Email: harnett@mit.edu. Or to: Shiqian Shen, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6501E, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Phone: 617.726.4177; Email: sshen2@mgh.harvard.edu.

Authorship note: WD, LF, and QC contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Fischer, L. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

4Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

5Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

6MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

7Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliate Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Address correspondence to: Mark Harnett, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Phone: 617.324.6989; Email: harnett@mit.edu. Or to: Shiqian Shen, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6501E, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Phone: 617.726.4177; Email: sshen2@mgh.harvard.edu.

Authorship note: WD, LF, and QC contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Chen, Q. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

4Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

5Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

6MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

7Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliate Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Address correspondence to: Mark Harnett, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Phone: 617.324.6989; Email: harnett@mit.edu. Or to: Shiqian Shen, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6501E, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Phone: 617.726.4177; Email: sshen2@mgh.harvard.edu.

Authorship note: WD, LF, and QC contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Li, Z. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

4Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

5Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

6MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

7Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliate Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Address correspondence to: Mark Harnett, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Phone: 617.324.6989; Email: harnett@mit.edu. Or to: Shiqian Shen, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6501E, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Phone: 617.726.4177; Email: sshen2@mgh.harvard.edu.

Authorship note: WD, LF, and QC contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Yang, L. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

4Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

5Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

6MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

7Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliate Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Address correspondence to: Mark Harnett, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Phone: 617.324.6989; Email: harnett@mit.edu. Or to: Shiqian Shen, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6501E, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Phone: 617.726.4177; Email: sshen2@mgh.harvard.edu.

Authorship note: WD, LF, and QC contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by You, Z. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

4Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

5Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

6MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

7Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliate Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Address correspondence to: Mark Harnett, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Phone: 617.324.6989; Email: harnett@mit.edu. Or to: Shiqian Shen, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6501E, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Phone: 617.726.4177; Email: sshen2@mgh.harvard.edu.

Authorship note: WD, LF, and QC contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Hu, K. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

4Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

5Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

6MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

7Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliate Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Address correspondence to: Mark Harnett, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Phone: 617.324.6989; Email: harnett@mit.edu. Or to: Shiqian Shen, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6501E, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Phone: 617.726.4177; Email: sshen2@mgh.harvard.edu.

Authorship note: WD, LF, and QC contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Wu, X. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

4Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

5Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

6MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

7Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliate Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Address correspondence to: Mark Harnett, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Phone: 617.324.6989; Email: harnett@mit.edu. Or to: Shiqian Shen, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6501E, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Phone: 617.726.4177; Email: sshen2@mgh.harvard.edu.

Authorship note: WD, LF, and QC contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Zhou, X. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

4Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

5Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

6MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

7Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliate Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Address correspondence to: Mark Harnett, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Phone: 617.324.6989; Email: harnett@mit.edu. Or to: Shiqian Shen, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6501E, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Phone: 617.726.4177; Email: sshen2@mgh.harvard.edu.

Authorship note: WD, LF, and QC contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Chao, W. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

4Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

5Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

6MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

7Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliate Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Address correspondence to: Mark Harnett, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Phone: 617.324.6989; Email: harnett@mit.edu. Or to: Shiqian Shen, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6501E, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Phone: 617.726.4177; Email: sshen2@mgh.harvard.edu.

Authorship note: WD, LF, and QC contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Hu, P. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

4Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

5Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

6MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

7Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliate Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Address correspondence to: Mark Harnett, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Phone: 617.324.6989; Email: harnett@mit.edu. Or to: Shiqian Shen, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6501E, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Phone: 617.726.4177; Email: sshen2@mgh.harvard.edu.

Authorship note: WD, LF, and QC contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Dagnew, T. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

4Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

5Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

6MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

7Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliate Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Address correspondence to: Mark Harnett, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Phone: 617.324.6989; Email: harnett@mit.edu. Or to: Shiqian Shen, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6501E, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Phone: 617.726.4177; Email: sshen2@mgh.harvard.edu.

Authorship note: WD, LF, and QC contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Dubreuil, D. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

4Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

5Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

6MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

7Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliate Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Address correspondence to: Mark Harnett, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Phone: 617.324.6989; Email: harnett@mit.edu. Or to: Shiqian Shen, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6501E, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Phone: 617.726.4177; Email: sshen2@mgh.harvard.edu.

Authorship note: WD, LF, and QC contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Wang, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

4Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

5Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

6MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

7Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliate Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Address correspondence to: Mark Harnett, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Phone: 617.324.6989; Email: harnett@mit.edu. Or to: Shiqian Shen, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6501E, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Phone: 617.726.4177; Email: sshen2@mgh.harvard.edu.

Authorship note: WD, LF, and QC contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Xia, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

4Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

5Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

6MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

7Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliate Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Address correspondence to: Mark Harnett, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Phone: 617.324.6989; Email: harnett@mit.edu. Or to: Shiqian Shen, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6501E, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Phone: 617.726.4177; Email: sshen2@mgh.harvard.edu.

Authorship note: WD, LF, and QC contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Bao, C. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

4Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

5Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

6MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

7Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliate Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Address correspondence to: Mark Harnett, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Phone: 617.324.6989; Email: harnett@mit.edu. Or to: Shiqian Shen, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6501E, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Phone: 617.726.4177; Email: sshen2@mgh.harvard.edu.

Authorship note: WD, LF, and QC contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Zhu, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

4Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

5Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

6MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

7Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliate Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Address correspondence to: Mark Harnett, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Phone: 617.324.6989; Email: harnett@mit.edu. Or to: Shiqian Shen, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6501E, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Phone: 617.726.4177; Email: sshen2@mgh.harvard.edu.

Authorship note: WD, LF, and QC contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Chen, L. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

4Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

5Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

6MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

7Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliate Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Address correspondence to: Mark Harnett, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Phone: 617.324.6989; Email: harnett@mit.edu. Or to: Shiqian Shen, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6501E, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Phone: 617.726.4177; Email: sshen2@mgh.harvard.edu.

Authorship note: WD, LF, and QC contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Wang, C. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

4Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

5Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

6MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

7Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliate Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Address correspondence to: Mark Harnett, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Phone: 617.324.6989; Email: harnett@mit.edu. Or to: Shiqian Shen, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6501E, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Phone: 617.726.4177; Email: sshen2@mgh.harvard.edu.

Authorship note: WD, LF, and QC contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Wainger, B. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

4Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

5Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

6MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

7Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliate Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Address correspondence to: Mark Harnett, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Phone: 617.324.6989; Email: harnett@mit.edu. Or to: Shiqian Shen, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6501E, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Phone: 617.726.4177; Email: sshen2@mgh.harvard.edu.

Authorship note: WD, LF, and QC contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Jin, P. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

4Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

5Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

6MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

7Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliate Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Address correspondence to: Mark Harnett, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Phone: 617.324.6989; Email: harnett@mit.edu. Or to: Shiqian Shen, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6501E, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Phone: 617.726.4177; Email: sshen2@mgh.harvard.edu.

Authorship note: WD, LF, and QC contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Mao, J. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

4Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

5Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

6MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

7Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliate Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Address correspondence to: Mark Harnett, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Phone: 617.324.6989; Email: harnett@mit.edu. Or to: Shiqian Shen, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6501E, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Phone: 617.726.4177; Email: sshen2@mgh.harvard.edu.

Authorship note: WD, LF, and QC contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Feng, G. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

4Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.

5Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

6MGH/HST Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

7Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliate Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Address correspondence to: Mark Harnett, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Phone: 617.324.6989; Email: harnett@mit.edu. Or to: Shiqian Shen, Dep