Research ArticleMetabolismNephrology Open Access | 10.1172/JCI164486

Jennifer A. Schaub,1 Fadhl M. AlAkwaa,1 Phillip J. McCown,1 Abhijit S. Naik,1 Viji Nair,1 Sean Eddy,1 Rajasree Menon,2 Edgar A. Otto,1 Dawit Demeke,3 John Hartman,1 Damian Fermin,1 Christopher L. O’Connor,1 Lalita Subramanian,1 Markus Bitzer,1 Roger Harned,4 Patricia Ladd,4 Laura Pyle,5,6 Subramaniam Pennathur,1,7 Ken Inoki,1,7,8 Jeffrey B. Hodgin,3 Frank C. Brosius III,1,9 Robert G. Nelson,10 Matthias Kretzler,1,2 and Petter Bjornstad6,11

1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology,

2Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and

3Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

4Department of Radiology,

5Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, and

6Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

7Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and

8Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

9Division of Nephrology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

10Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

11Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Address correspondence to: Matthias Kretzler, Departments of Medicine/Nephrology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1560 MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5676, USA. Phone: 734.615.5757; Email: kretzler@med.umich.edu. Or to: Petter Bjornstad, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Avenue, Box 465, Aurora, Colorado 80045-7106, USA. Phone: 720.777.4659; Email: petter.m.bjornstad@cuanschutz.edu.

Authorship note: JAS, FMA, PJM, and ASN are co–first authors. MK and PB are co–senior authors.

Find articles by Schaub, J. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology,

2Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and

3Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

4Department of Radiology,

5Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, and

6Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

7Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and

8Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

9Division of Nephrology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

10Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

11Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Address correspondence to: Matthias Kretzler, Departments of Medicine/Nephrology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1560 MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5676, USA. Phone: 734.615.5757; Email: kretzler@med.umich.edu. Or to: Petter Bjornstad, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Avenue, Box 465, Aurora, Colorado 80045-7106, USA. Phone: 720.777.4659; Email: petter.m.bjornstad@cuanschutz.edu.

Authorship note: JAS, FMA, PJM, and ASN are co–first authors. MK and PB are co–senior authors.

Find articles by AlAkwaa, F. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology,

2Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and

3Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

4Department of Radiology,

5Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, and

6Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

7Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and

8Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

9Division of Nephrology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

10Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

11Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Address correspondence to: Matthias Kretzler, Departments of Medicine/Nephrology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1560 MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5676, USA. Phone: 734.615.5757; Email: kretzler@med.umich.edu. Or to: Petter Bjornstad, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Avenue, Box 465, Aurora, Colorado 80045-7106, USA. Phone: 720.777.4659; Email: petter.m.bjornstad@cuanschutz.edu.

Authorship note: JAS, FMA, PJM, and ASN are co–first authors. MK and PB are co–senior authors.

Find articles by McCown, P. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology,

2Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and

3Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

4Department of Radiology,

5Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, and

6Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

7Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and

8Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

9Division of Nephrology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

10Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

11Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Address correspondence to: Matthias Kretzler, Departments of Medicine/Nephrology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1560 MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5676, USA. Phone: 734.615.5757; Email: kretzler@med.umich.edu. Or to: Petter Bjornstad, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Avenue, Box 465, Aurora, Colorado 80045-7106, USA. Phone: 720.777.4659; Email: petter.m.bjornstad@cuanschutz.edu.

Authorship note: JAS, FMA, PJM, and ASN are co–first authors. MK and PB are co–senior authors.

Find articles by Naik, A. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology,

2Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and

3Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

4Department of Radiology,

5Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, and

6Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

7Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and

8Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

9Division of Nephrology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

10Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

11Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Address correspondence to: Matthias Kretzler, Departments of Medicine/Nephrology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1560 MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5676, USA. Phone: 734.615.5757; Email: kretzler@med.umich.edu. Or to: Petter Bjornstad, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Avenue, Box 465, Aurora, Colorado 80045-7106, USA. Phone: 720.777.4659; Email: petter.m.bjornstad@cuanschutz.edu.

Authorship note: JAS, FMA, PJM, and ASN are co–first authors. MK and PB are co–senior authors.

Find articles by Nair, V. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology,

2Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and

3Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

4Department of Radiology,

5Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, and

6Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

7Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and

8Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

9Division of Nephrology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

10Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

11Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Address correspondence to: Matthias Kretzler, Departments of Medicine/Nephrology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1560 MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5676, USA. Phone: 734.615.5757; Email: kretzler@med.umich.edu. Or to: Petter Bjornstad, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Avenue, Box 465, Aurora, Colorado 80045-7106, USA. Phone: 720.777.4659; Email: petter.m.bjornstad@cuanschutz.edu.

Authorship note: JAS, FMA, PJM, and ASN are co–first authors. MK and PB are co–senior authors.

Find articles by Eddy, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology,

2Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and

3Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

4Department of Radiology,

5Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, and

6Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

7Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and

8Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

9Division of Nephrology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

10Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

11Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Address correspondence to: Matthias Kretzler, Departments of Medicine/Nephrology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1560 MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5676, USA. Phone: 734.615.5757; Email: kretzler@med.umich.edu. Or to: Petter Bjornstad, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Avenue, Box 465, Aurora, Colorado 80045-7106, USA. Phone: 720.777.4659; Email: petter.m.bjornstad@cuanschutz.edu.

Authorship note: JAS, FMA, PJM, and ASN are co–first authors. MK and PB are co–senior authors.

Find articles by Menon, R. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology,

2Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and

3Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

4Department of Radiology,

5Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, and

6Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

7Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and

8Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

9Division of Nephrology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

10Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

11Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Address correspondence to: Matthias Kretzler, Departments of Medicine/Nephrology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1560 MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5676, USA. Phone: 734.615.5757; Email: kretzler@med.umich.edu. Or to: Petter Bjornstad, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Avenue, Box 465, Aurora, Colorado 80045-7106, USA. Phone: 720.777.4659; Email: petter.m.bjornstad@cuanschutz.edu.

Authorship note: JAS, FMA, PJM, and ASN are co–first authors. MK and PB are co–senior authors.

Find articles by Otto, E. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology,

2Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and

3Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

4Department of Radiology,

5Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, and

6Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

7Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and

8Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

9Division of Nephrology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

10Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

11Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Address correspondence to: Matthias Kretzler, Departments of Medicine/Nephrology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1560 MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5676, USA. Phone: 734.615.5757; Email: kretzler@med.umich.edu. Or to: Petter Bjornstad, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Avenue, Box 465, Aurora, Colorado 80045-7106, USA. Phone: 720.777.4659; Email: petter.m.bjornstad@cuanschutz.edu.

Authorship note: JAS, FMA, PJM, and ASN are co–first authors. MK and PB are co–senior authors.

Find articles by Demeke, D. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology,

2Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and

3Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

4Department of Radiology,

5Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, and

6Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

7Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and

8Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

9Division of Nephrology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

10Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

11Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Address correspondence to: Matthias Kretzler, Departments of Medicine/Nephrology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1560 MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5676, USA. Phone: 734.615.5757; Email: kretzler@med.umich.edu. Or to: Petter Bjornstad, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Avenue, Box 465, Aurora, Colorado 80045-7106, USA. Phone: 720.777.4659; Email: petter.m.bjornstad@cuanschutz.edu.

Authorship note: JAS, FMA, PJM, and ASN are co–first authors. MK and PB are co–senior authors.

Find articles by Hartman, J. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology,

2Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and

3Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

4Department of Radiology,

5Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, and

6Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

7Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and

8Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

9Division of Nephrology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

10Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

11Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Address correspondence to: Matthias Kretzler, Departments of Medicine/Nephrology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1560 MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5676, USA. Phone: 734.615.5757; Email: kretzler@med.umich.edu. Or to: Petter Bjornstad, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Avenue, Box 465, Aurora, Colorado 80045-7106, USA. Phone: 720.777.4659; Email: petter.m.bjornstad@cuanschutz.edu.

Authorship note: JAS, FMA, PJM, and ASN are co–first authors. MK and PB are co–senior authors.

Find articles by Fermin, D. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology,

2Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and

3Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

4Department of Radiology,

5Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, and

6Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

7Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and

8Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

9Division of Nephrology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

10Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

11Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Address correspondence to: Matthias Kretzler, Departments of Medicine/Nephrology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1560 MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5676, USA. Phone: 734.615.5757; Email: kretzler@med.umich.edu. Or to: Petter Bjornstad, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Avenue, Box 465, Aurora, Colorado 80045-7106, USA. Phone: 720.777.4659; Email: petter.m.bjornstad@cuanschutz.edu.

Authorship note: JAS, FMA, PJM, and ASN are co–first authors. MK and PB are co–senior authors.

Find articles by O’Connor, C. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology,

2Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and

3Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

4Department of Radiology,

5Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, and

6Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

7Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and

8Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

9Division of Nephrology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

10Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

11Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Address correspondence to: Matthias Kretzler, Departments of Medicine/Nephrology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1560 MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5676, USA. Phone: 734.615.5757; Email: kretzler@med.umich.edu. Or to: Petter Bjornstad, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Avenue, Box 465, Aurora, Colorado 80045-7106, USA. Phone: 720.777.4659; Email: petter.m.bjornstad@cuanschutz.edu.

Authorship note: JAS, FMA, PJM, and ASN are co–first authors. MK and PB are co–senior authors.

Find articles by Subramanian, L. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology,

2Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and

3Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

4Department of Radiology,

5Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, and

6Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

7Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and

8Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

9Division of Nephrology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

10Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

11Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Address correspondence to: Matthias Kretzler, Departments of Medicine/Nephrology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1560 MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5676, USA. Phone: 734.615.5757; Email: kretzler@med.umich.edu. Or to: Petter Bjornstad, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Avenue, Box 465, Aurora, Colorado 80045-7106, USA. Phone: 720.777.4659; Email: petter.m.bjornstad@cuanschutz.edu.

Authorship note: JAS, FMA, PJM, and ASN are co–first authors. MK and PB are co–senior authors.

Find articles by Bitzer, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology,

2Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and

3Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

4Department of Radiology,

5Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, and

6Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

7Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and

8Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

9Division of Nephrology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

10Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

11Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Address correspondence to: Matthias Kretzler, Departments of Medicine/Nephrology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1560 MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5676, USA. Phone: 734.615.5757; Email: kretzler@med.umich.edu. Or to: Petter Bjornstad, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Avenue, Box 465, Aurora, Colorado 80045-7106, USA. Phone: 720.777.4659; Email: petter.m.bjornstad@cuanschutz.edu.

Authorship note: JAS, FMA, PJM, and ASN are co–first authors. MK and PB are co–senior authors.

Find articles by Harned, R. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology,

2Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and

3Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

4Department of Radiology,

5Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, and

6Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

7Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and

8Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

9Division of Nephrology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

10Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

11Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Address correspondence to: Matthias Kretzler, Departments of Medicine/Nephrology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1560 MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5676, USA. Phone: 734.615.5757; Email: kretzler@med.umich.edu. Or to: Petter Bjornstad, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Avenue, Box 465, Aurora, Colorado 80045-7106, USA. Phone: 720.777.4659; Email: petter.m.bjornstad@cuanschutz.edu.

Authorship note: JAS, FMA, PJM, and ASN are co–first authors. MK and PB are co–senior authors.

Find articles by Ladd, P. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology,

2Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and

3Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

4Department of Radiology,

5Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, and

6Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

7Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and

8Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

9Division of Nephrology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

10Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

11Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Address correspondence to: Matthias Kretzler, Departments of Medicine/Nephrology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1560 MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5676, USA. Phone: 734.615.5757; Email: kretzler@med.umich.edu. Or to: Petter Bjornstad, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Avenue, Box 465, Aurora, Colorado 80045-7106, USA. Phone: 720.777.4659; Email: petter.m.bjornstad@cuanschutz.edu.

Authorship note: JAS, FMA, PJM, and ASN are co–first authors. MK and PB are co–senior authors.

Find articles by Pyle, L. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology,

2Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and

3Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

4Department of Radiology,

5Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, and

6Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

7Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and

8Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

9Division of Nephrology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

10Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

11Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Address correspondence to: Matthias Kretzler, Departments of Medicine/Nephrology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1560 MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5676, USA. Phone: 734.615.5757; Email: kretzler@med.umich.edu. Or to: Petter Bjornstad, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Avenue, Box 465, Aurora, Colorado 80045-7106, USA. Phone: 720.777.4659; Email: petter.m.bjornstad@cuanschutz.edu.

Authorship note: JAS, FMA, PJM, and ASN are co–first authors. MK and PB are co–senior authors.

Find articles by Pennathur, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology,

2Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and

3Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

4Department of Radiology,

5Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, and

6Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

7Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and

8Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

9Division of Nephrology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

10Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

11Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Address correspondence to: Matthias Kretzler, Departments of Medicine/Nephrology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1560 MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5676, USA. Phone: 734.615.5757; Email: kretzler@med.umich.edu. Or to: Petter Bjornstad, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Avenue, Box 465, Aurora, Colorado 80045-7106, USA. Phone: 720.777.4659; Email: petter.m.bjornstad@cuanschutz.edu.

Authorship note: JAS, FMA, PJM, and ASN are co–first authors. MK and PB are co–senior authors.

Find articles by Inoki, K. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology,

2Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and

3Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

4Department of Radiology,

5Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, and

6Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

7Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and

8Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

9Division of Nephrology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

10Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

11Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Address correspondence to: Matthias Kretzler, Departments of Medicine/Nephrology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1560 MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5676, USA. Phone: 734.615.5757; Email: kretzler@med.umich.edu. Or to: Petter Bjornstad, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Avenue, Box 465, Aurora, Colorado 80045-7106, USA. Phone: 720.777.4659; Email: petter.m.bjornstad@cuanschutz.edu.

Authorship note: JAS, FMA, PJM, and ASN are co–first authors. MK and PB are co–senior authors.

Find articles by Hodgin, J. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology,

2Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and

3Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

4Department of Radiology,

5Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, and

6Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

7Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and

8Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

9Division of Nephrology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

10Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

11Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Address correspondence to: Matthias Kretzler, Departments of Medicine/Nephrology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 1560 MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5676, USA. Phone: 734.615.5757; Email: kretzler@med.umich.edu. Or to: Petter Bjornstad, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Avenue, Box 465, Aurora, Colorado 80045-7106, USA. Phone: 720.777.4659; Email: petter.m.bjornstad@cuanschutz.edu.

Authorship note: JAS, FMA, PJM, and ASN are co–first authors. MK and PB are co–senior authors.

Find articles by Brosius, F. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology,

2Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and

3Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

4Department of Radiology,

5Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, and

6Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

7Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and

8Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

9Division of Nephrol