*Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University

†University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Yang Pu

§Institute of Forming Technology and Equipment, Shanghai Jiao Tong University

∥School of Medical Instrumentation, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China

‡Washington University in St. Louis, MO

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Gang Chai, MD, PhD ([email protected]), and Haisong Xu, MD, PhD ([email protected]), Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China

M.S., L.R. and Y.C. contributed equally to this study.

This work was supported by the project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Nos. 19441912300); Clinical Research Plan of SHDC (No. SHDC2020CR3070B); The project of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Two-hundred Talent (No. 20161420); The project of Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty (shslczdzk00901) and the project of Clinical Research Program of 9th People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(JYLJ202108).

G.C. and M.S.: designed experiments; M.S. and L.R.: carried out experiments and wrote the manuscript; Y.C. and C.Z.: analyzed data; L.L. and Y.G.: analyzed experimental results; H.X.: assisted with technical skills.

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

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