Cancer Statistics Center.

(Available at:) (Accessed June 6, 2022)McGarry R.C. Song G. des Rosiers P. et al.

Observation-only management of early stage, medically inoperable lung cancer: poor outcome.

Chest. 2002; 121: 1155-1158Detterbeck F.C. Lewis S.Z. Diekemper R. et al.

Executive Summary: Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.

Chest. 2013; 143: 7S-37SGinsberg R.J. Rubinstein L.V.

Randomized trial of lobectomy versus limited resection for T1 N0 non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer Study Group.

Ann Thorac Surg. 1995; 60: 615-623Tsutani Y. Kagimoto A. Handa Y. et al.

Wedge resection versus segmentectomy in patients with stage I non-small-cell lung cancer unfit for lobectomy. Japanese journal of clinical oncology.

(Available at:) (Published December 27, 2019. Accessed July 19, 2022)Tsutani Y. Handa Y. Shimada Y. et al.

Comparison of cancer control between segmentectomy and wedge resection in patients with clinical stage IA non–small cell lung cancer. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery.

(Available at:) (Published October 22, 2020. Accessed July 19, 2022)Handa Y. Tsutani Y. Mimae T. et al.

A Multicenter Study of Complex Segmentectomy Versus Wedge Resection in Clinical Stage 0-IA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Clin Lung Cancer. 2022; 23: 393-401El-Sherif A. Fernando H.C. Santos R. et al.

Margin and local recurrence after sublobar resection of non-small cell lung cancer.

Ann Surg Oncol. 2007; 14: 2400-2405Sawabata N. Matsumura A. Ohota M. et al.

Cytologically malignant margins of wedge resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer.

Ann Thorac Surg. 2002; 74: 1953-1957Schuchert M.J. Pettiford B.L. Keeley S. et al.

Anatomic segmentectomy in the treatment of stage I non-small cell lung cancer.

Ann Thorac Surg. 2007; 84: 926-933Ball D. Mai G.T. Vinod S. et al.

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy versus standard radiotherapy in stage 1 non-small-cell lung cancer (TROG 09.02 CHISEL): a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial.

Lancet Oncol. 2019; 20: 494-503

Radiobiology of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

Rep Pract Oncol Radiother. 2017; 22: 86-95Onishi H. Araki T. Shirato H. et al.

Stereotactic hypofractionated high-dose irradiation for stage I nonsmall cell lung carcinoma: clinical outcomes in 245 subjects in a Japanese multiinstitutional study.

Cancer. 2004; 101: 1623-1631Lammers A. Mitin T. Moghanaki D. et al.

Lung cancer specialists' opinions on treatment for stage I non-small cell lung cancer: A multidisciplinary survey.

Adv Radiat Oncol. 2018; 3: 125-129Palma D.A. Nguyen T.K. Louie A.V. et al.

Measuring the Integration of Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy Plus Surgery for Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase 2 Clinical Trial.

JAMA Oncol. 2019; 5: 681-688Mayne N.R. Lin B.K. Darling A.J. et al.

Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Versus Delayed Surgery for Early-stage Non-small-cell Lung Cancer.

Ann Surg. 2020; 272: 925-929Chang J.Y. Senan S. Paul M.A. et al.

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy versus lobectomy for operable stage I non-small-cell lung cancer: a pooled analysis of two randomised trials.

Lancet Oncol. 2015; 16 ([published correction appears in Lancet Oncol. 2015 Sep;16(9):e427]): 630-637

Veterans Affairs Lung Cancer Surgery Or Stereotactic Radiotherapy Trial (VALOR). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02984761.

(Available at:) (Updated March 21, 2022. Accessed July 19, 2022)Teke M.E. Sarvestani A.L. Hernandez J.M. et al.

A Randomized, Phase III Study of Sublobar Resection (SR) Versus Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SAbR) in High-Risk Patients with Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).

Ann Surg Oncol. 2022; 29: 4686-4687Thibault I. Chiang A. Erler D. et al.

Predictors of Chest Wall Toxicity after Lung Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy.

Clin Oncol. 2016; 28: 28-35Barriger R.B. Forquer J.A. Brabham J.G. et al.

A dose-volume analysis of radiation pneumonitis in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012; 82: 457-462Ridge C.A. Solomon S.B. Thornton R.H.

Thermal ablation of stage I non-small cell lung carcinoma.

Semin Intervent Radiol. 2014; 31: 118-124

Radiofrequency ablation of lung metastases: factors influencing success.

Eur Radiol. 2008; 18: 672-677Dupuy D.E. Fernando H.C. Hillman S. et al.

Radiofrequency ablation of stage IA non-small cell lung cancer in medically inoperable patients: Results from the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z4033 (Alliance) trial.

Cancer. 2015; 121: 3491-3498Li M. Xu X. Qin Y. et al.

Radiofrequency ablation vs. stereotactic body radiotherapy for stage IA non-small cell lung cancer in nonsurgical patients.

J Cancer. 2021; 12: 3057-3066Lencioni R. Crocetti L. Cioni R. et al.

Response to radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary tumours: a prospective, intention-to-treat, multicentre clinical trial (the RAPTURE study).

Lancet Oncol. 2008; 9: 621-628Yu J. Yu X.L. Han Z.Y. et al.

Percutaneous cooled-probe microwave versus radiofrequency ablation in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase III randomised controlled trial.

Gut. 2017; 66: 1172-1173Ni Y. Huang G. Yang X. et al.

Microwave ablation treatment for medically inoperable stage I non-small cell lung cancers: long-term results.

Eur Radiol. 2022; 32: 5616-5622

Mechanisms of tissue destruction following cryosurgery.

Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1984; 66: 313-318Inoue M. Nakatsuka S. Yashiro H. et al.

Percutaneous cryoablation of lung tumors: feasibility and safety.

J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2012; 23: 295-305Moore W. Talati R. Bhattacharji P. et al.

Five-year survival after cryoablation of stage I non-small cell lung cancer in medically inoperable patients.

J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2015; 26: 312-319Li H.W. Long Y.J. Yan G.W. et al.

Microwave ablation vs. cryoablation for treatment of primary and metastatic pulmonary malignant tumors.

Mol Clin Oncol. 2022; 16: 62Chan J.W.Y. Lau R.W.H. Chang A. et al.

Transbronchial Microwave Ablation – Important Role in the Battle of Lung Preservation for Multifocal Lung Primaries or Metastases.

Ann Oncol. April. 2022; 33: S76-S77Ishiwata T. Motooka Y. Ujiie H. et al.

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided bipolar radiofrequency ablation for lung cancer: A first-in-human clinical trial [published online ahead of print, 2022 Mar 26].

J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2022; S0022-5223: 00344-350Chan J.W.Y. Lau R.W.H. Ngai J.C.L. et al.

Transbronchial microwave ablation of lung nodules with electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy guidance-a novel technique and initial experience with 30 cases.

Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2021; 10: 1608-1622Lau K. Lau R. Baranowski R. et al.

Late breaking abstract - bronchoscopic microwave ablation of peripheral lung tumors. European Respiratory Society.

(Available at:) (Published September 5, 2021)

Transbronchial Ablation for Peripheral Lung Tumor. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02972177.

(Available at:) (Updated February 18,2020. Accessed July 2, 2022)Dong B. Wang J. Xu Y. et al.

Comparison of the Efficacy of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy versus Surgical Treatment for Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer after Propensity Score Matching.

Transl Oncol. 2019; 12: 1032-1037Detillon D.D.E.M.A. Aarts M.J. De Jaeger K. et al.

Video-assisted thoracic lobectomy versus stereotactic body radiotherapy for stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer in elderly patients: a propensity matched comparative analysis.

Eur Respir J. 2019; 53: 1801561Cornwell L.D. Echeverria A.E. Samuelian J. et al.

Video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy is associated with greater recurrence-free survival than stereotactic body radiotherapy for clinical stage I lung cancer.

J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018; 155: 395-402Lin Q. Sun X. Zhou N. et al.

Outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy versus lobectomy for stage I non-small cell lung cancer: a propensity score matching analysis.

BMC Pulm Med. 2019; 19: 98Hamaji M. Chen F. Matsuo Y. et al.

Video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy versus stereotactic radiotherapy for stage I lung cancer.

Ann Thorac Surg. 2015; 99: 1122-1129Kawamura M. Izumi Y. Tsukada N. et al.

Percutaneous cryoablation of small pulmonary malignant tumors under computed tomographic guidance with local anesthesia for nonsurgical candidates.

J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006; 131: 1007-1013Yamauchi Y. Izumi Y. Hashimoto K. et al.

Percutaneous cryoablation for the treatment of medically inoperable stage I non-small cell lung cancer.

PLoS One. 2012; 7: e33223Healey T.T. March B.T. Baird G. et al.

Microwave Ablation for Lung Neoplasms: A Retrospective Analysis of Long-Term Results.

J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2017; 28: 206-211Yang X. Ye X. Zheng A. et al.

Percutaneous microwave ablation of stage I medically inoperable non-small cell lung cancer: clinical evaluation of 47 cases.

J Surg Oncol. 2014; 110: 758-763Palussière J. Chomy F. Savina M. et al.

Radiofrequency ablation of stage IA non-small cell lung cancer in patients ineligible for surgery: results of a prospective multicenter phase II trial.

J Cardiothorac Surg. 2018; 13: 91Simon C.J. Dupuy D.E. DiPetrillo T.A. et al.

Pulmonary radiofrequency ablation: long-term safety and efficacy in 153 patients.

Radiology. 2007; 243: 268-275