Pal, C. P., Singh, P., Chaturvedi, S., et al. (2016). Epidemiology of knee osteoarthritis in India and related factors. Indian J Orthop., 50(5), 518–522. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5413.189608

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Malaviya, A. N., Kapoor, S. K., Singh, R. R., et al. (1993). Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in the adult Indian population. Rheumatology International, 13(4), 131–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00301258

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ban, W. R., Zhang, E. A., Lv, L. F., et al. (2017). Effects of periarticular injection on analgesic effects and NSAID use in total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty. Clinics (São Paulo, Brazil), 72(12), 729–736. https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2017(12)03

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

MaraditKremers, H., Larson, D. R., Crowson, C. S., et al. (2015). Prevalence of total hip and knee replacement in the United States. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume, 97(17), 1386–1397. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.N.01141

Article  Google Scholar 

Nakai, T., Tamaki, M., Nakamura, T., et al. (2013). Controlling pain after total knee arthroplasty using a multimodal protocol with local periarticular injections. Journal of Orthop., 10(2), 92–94.

Google Scholar 

Li, J. W., Ma, Y. S., & Xiao, L. K. (2019). Postoperative pain management in total knee arthroplasty. Orthopaedic Surgery, 11(5), 755–761. https://doi.org/10.1111/os.12535

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kelley, T. C., Adams, M. J., Mulliken, B. D., et al. (2013). Efficacy of multimodal perioperative analgesia protocol with periarticular medication injection in total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blinded study. Journalk of Arthroplasty., 28(8), 1274–1277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2013.03.008

Article  Google Scholar 

Vishwanatha, S., & Kalappa, S. (2017). Continuous femoral nerve blockade versus epidural analgesia for postoperative pain relief in knee surgeries: A randomized controlled study. Anesthesia, Essays and Researches, 11(3), 599–605. https://doi.org/10.4103/0259-1162.206852

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McCartney, C. J., & McLeod, G. A. (2011). Local infiltration analgesia for total knee arthroplasty. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 107(4), 487–489. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aer255

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Martin, N. J., Padmanabhan, V., & Pindis, J. J. (2020). Efficacy of periarticular cocktail injection in rheumatoid patients undergoing total knee replacement. Indian J Orthop., 54(6), 811–822. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-020-00230-3

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guild, G. N., 3rd., Galindo, R. P., Marino, J., et al. (2015). Periarticular regional analgesia in total knee arthroplasty: A review of the neuroanatomy and injection technique. Orthopedic Clinics of North America, 46(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocl.2014.09.016

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bhandarkar, P., Patil, P., Chander, S., et al. (2016). Prevalence of osteoarthritis knee: four year study based on digital records of comprehensive healthcare setup at Mumbai India. International Journal Community Medical Public Health., 3(5), 1049–1053.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wang, C., Guo, Y., Shi, J., et al. (2017). A numerical investigation into the effects of overweight and obesity on total knee arthroplasty. Journal of Healthcare Engeneering., 2017, 1496379. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1496379

Article  Google Scholar 

Pettine, K. A., Wedel, D. J., Cabanela, M. E., et al. (1989). The use of epidural bupivacaine following total knee arthroplasty. Orthopedics Review., 18(8), 894–901.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Capdevila, X., Barthelet, Y., Biboulet, P., et al. (1999). Effects of perioperative analgesic technique on the surgical outcome and duration of rehabilitation after major knee surgery. Anesthesiology, 91(1), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199907000-00006

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alkaduhimi, H., Ter Meulen, D. P., & van den Bekerom, M. P. (2017). Chondrotoxic effects of intra-articular anesthetics in shoulders. Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine, 17(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjem.2016.11.006

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sadigursky, D., Simões, D. P., de Albuquerque, R. A., et al. (2017). Local periarticular analgesia in total knee arthroplasty. Acta Ortop Bras., 25(2), 81–84. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-785220172502151116

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Christensen, C. P., Jacobs, C. A., & Jennings, H. R. (2009). Effect of periarticular corticosteroid injections during total knee arthroplasty A double-blind randomized trial. J Bone Joint Surgical American. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.H.01501

Article  Google Scholar 

Sreedharan Nair, V., GaneshanRadhamony, N., Rajendra, R., et al. (2019). Effectiveness of intraoperative periarticular cocktail injection for pain control and knee motion recovery after total knee replacement. Arthroplast Today., 5(3), 320–324.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Badner, N. H., Bourne, R. B., Rorabeck, C. H., et al. (1996). Intra-articular injection of bupivacaine in knee-replacement operations Results of use for analgesia and for preemptive blockade. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume, 78(5), 734–738.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lombardi, A. V., Jr., Berend, K. R., Mallory, T. H., et al. (2004). Soft tissue and intra-articular injection of bupivacaine, epinephrine, and morphine has a beneficial effect after total knee arthroplasty. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 428, 125–130. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.blo.0000147701.24029.cc

Article  Google Scholar 

Toftdahl, K., Nikolajsen, L., Haraldsted, V., et al. (2007). Comparison of peri- and intraarticular analgesia with femoral nerve block after total knee arthroplasty: A randomized clinical trial. Acta Orthopaedica, 78(2), 172–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/17453670710013645

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mullaji, A., Kanna, R., Shetty, G. M., et al. (2010). Efficacy of periarticular injection of bupivacaine, fentanyl, and methylprednisolone in total knee arthroplasty:A prospective, randomized trial. Journal of Arthroplasty, 25(6), 851–857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2009.09.007

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dalury, D. F. (2014). Periarticular injection technique to enhance pain relief after knee arthroplasty. JBJS Essential Surgical Tech., 4(2), E7. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.ST.N.00001

Article  Google Scholar