Metabolically Healthy Obesity: Are Interventions Useful?

Sharma AM, Kushner RF. A proposed clinical staging system for obesity. Int J Obes. 2009;33:289–95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19188927. Accessed 25 Nov 2022.

•• Tsatsoulis A, Paschou SA. Metabolically healthy obesity: criteria, epidemiology, controversies, and consequences. Curr Obes Rep. 2020;9(2):109–20. A complete treatise on all aspects of MHO, including epidemiology.

Ho-Pham LT, Campbell LV, Nguyen TV. More on body fat cutoff points. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011;86:584. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21628621. Accessed 25 Nov 2022. author reply 584-5.

Fyhofer S. Report of the council on science and public health - report 3-A-13. 2013. p. 1–14. https://www.ama-assn.org/sites/default/files/media-browser/public/about-ama/councils/CouncilReports/council-on-science-public-health/a13csaph3.pdf. Accessed 25 Nov 2022.

Stommel M, Schoenborn CA. Accuracy and usefulness of BMI measures based on self-reported weight and height: findings from the NHANES & NHIS 2001–2006. BMC Public Health. 2009;9(1):421.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nuttall FQ. Body Mass Index. Nutr Today. 2015;50(3):117–28.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yamazaki H, Tauchi S, Machann J, Haueise T, Yamamoto Y, Dohke M, et al. Fat distribution patterns and future type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2022;71(9):1937–45.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gurunathan U, Myles PS. Limitations of body mass index as an obesity measure of perioperative risk. Br J Anaesth. 2016;116:319–21. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0007091217304385. Accessed 25 Nov 2022.

•• Blüher M. Metabolically healthy obesity. Endocr Rev. 2020;41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32128581. Accessed 25 Nov 2022. A comprehensive and timely review of all aspects of metabolically healthy obesity with emphasis on endocrine involvement.

April-Sanders AK, Rodriguez CJ. Metabolically healthy obesity redefined. JAMA Netwo Open. 2021;4:e218860. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2779690. Accessed 25 Nov 2022.

Candi E, Campanelli M, Sica G, Schinzari F, Rovella V, Daniele ND, et al. Differences in the vascular and metabolic profiles between metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity. Endocr Metab Sci. 2021;2:100077. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666396120300315. Accessed 25 Nov 2022.

Martínez-Larrad MT, Anchuelo AC, Prado ND, Rueda JMI, Gabriel R, Serrano-Ríos M. Profile of individuals who are metabolically healthy obese using different definition criteria. A Population-Based Analysis in the Spanish Population. Plos One. 2014;9(9):e106641.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hinnouho G-M, Czernichow S, Dugravot A, Batty GD, Kivimaki M, Singh-Manoux A. Metabolically healthy obesity and risk of mortality. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(8):2294–300.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zembic A, Eckel N, Stefan N, Baudry J, Schulze MB. An empirically derived definition of metabolically healthy obesity based on risk of cardiovascular and total mortality. Jama Netw Open. 2021;4(5):e218505.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu C, Wang C, Guan S, Liu H, Wu X, Zhang Z, et al. The prevalence of metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity according to different criteria. Obes Facts. 2019;12:78–90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30814477. Accessed 25 Nov 2022.

Zhang Y, Fu J, Yang S, Yang M, Liu A, Wang L, et al. Prevalence of metabolically obese but normal weight (MONW) and metabolically healthy but obese (MHO) in Chinese Beijing urban subjects. BioSci Trends. 2017;11:418–26. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bst/11/4/11_2017.01016/_article. Accessed 25 Nov 2022.

Ottosson F, Smith E, Ericson U, Brunkwall L, Orho-Melander M, Somma SD, et al. Metabolome-defined obesity and the risk of future type 2 diabetes and mortality. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(5):1260–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Loos RJF, Yeo GSH. The genetics of obesity: from discovery to biology. Nat Rev Genet. 2022;23:120–33. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41576-021-00414-z. Accessed 25 Nov 2022.

Zaghlool SB, Sharma S, Molnar M, Matías-García PR, Elhadad MA, Waldenberger M, et al. Revealing the role of the human blood plasma proteome in obesity using genetic drivers. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):1279.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

•• Bagheri P, Khalili D, Seif M, Rezaianzadeh A. Dynamic behavior of metabolic syndrome progression: a comprehensive systematic review on recent discoveries. BMC Endocr Disord. 2021;21:54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33752643. Accessed 25 Nov 2022. A comprehensive meta-study detailing the progression of metabolic syndrome due to dyslipidemia.

Liu M, Saredy J, Zhang R, Shao Y, Sun Y, Yang WY, et al. Approaching inflammation paradoxes–proinflammatory cytokine blockages induce inflammatory regulators. Front Immunol. 2020;11. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.554301/full. Accessed 25 Nov 2022.

Kwiatkowski S, Kajdy A, Stefańska K, Bednarek-Jędrzejek M, Dzidek S, Tousty P, et al. PPARγ–a factor linking metabolically unhealthy obesity with placental pathologies. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22:13167. https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/23/13167. Accessed 25 Nov 2022.

Karelis AD, St-Pierre DH, Conus F, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Poehlman ET. Metabolic and body composition factors in subgroups of obesity: what do we know? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:2569–75. https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/89/6/2569/2870288. Accessed 25 Nov 2022.

Klop B, Elte JWF, Cabezas MC. Dyslipidemia in obesity: mechanisms and potential targets. Nutrients. 2013;5(4):1218–40.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Telle-Hansen VH, Christensen JJ, Formo GA, Holven KB, Ulven SM. A comprehensive metabolic profiling of the metabolically healthy obesity phenotype. Lipids Health Dis. 2020;19(1):90.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bridges KG, Jarrett T, Thorpe A, Baus A, Cochran J. Use of the triglyceride to HDL cholesterol ratio for assessing insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese children in rural Appalachia. J Pediatric Endocrinol Metab. 2016;29(2):153–6.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Park B, Jung DH, Lee HS, Lee YJ. Triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol ratio and the incident risk of ischemic heart disease among Koreans without diabetes: a longitudinal study using national health insurance data. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8:716698.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Berk KA, Yahya R, Verhoeven AJM, Touw J, Leijten FP, van Rossum EF, et al. Effect of diet-induced weight loss on lipoprotein(a) levels in obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2017;60(6):989–97.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ruan X, Li Z, Zhang Y, Yang L, Pan Y, Wang Z, et al. Apolipoprotein A-I possesses an anti-obesity effect associated with increase of energy expenditure and up-regulation of UCP1 in brown fat. J Cell Mol Med. 2011;15(4):763–72.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang W, Blackett P, Khan S, Lee E. Apolipoproteins A-I, B, and C-III and obesity in young adult Cherokee. J Lipids. 2017;2017:8236325.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zatterale F, Longo M, Naderi J, Raciti GA, Desiderio A, Miele C, et al. Chronic adipose tissue inflammation linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Front Physiol. 2020;10. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2019.01607/full. Accessed 25 Nov 2022.

McMurray F, Patten DA, Harper M-E. Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in obesity-recent findings and empirical approaches. Obesity. 2016;24:2301–10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27804267. Accessed 25 Nov 2022.

Xu R, Gao X, Wan Y, Fan Z. Association of metabolically healthy overweight phenotype with abnormalities of glucose levels and blood pressure among Chinese adults. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2:e1914025. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2753521. Accessed 25 Nov 2022.

Basurto L, Sánchez L, Díaz A, Valle M, Robledo A, Martínez-Murillo C. Differences between metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity in PAI-1 level: fibrinolysis, body size phenotypes and metabolism. Thromb Res. 2019;180:110–4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31288156. Accessed 25 Nov 2022.

Park B, Hong J, Park H. Neuroimaging biomarkers to associate obesity and negative emotions. Sci Rep. 2017;7:7664. http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-08272-8. Accessed 25 Nov 2022.

Liu L, Liu S, Song Q, Luo D, Su Y, Qi X, et al. Association of metabolic obesity phenotypes and total testosterone in Chinese male population. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes Targets Ther. 2021;14:399–408. https://www.dovepress.com/association-of-metabolic-obesity-phenotypes-and-total-testosterone-in--peer-reviewed-article-DMSO. Accessed 25 Nov 2022.

Hewagalamulage SD, Lee TK, Clarke IJ, Henry BA. Stress, cortisol, and obesity: a role for cortisol responsiveness in identifying individuals prone to obesity. Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2016;56(Suppl):S112–20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27345309. Accessed 25 Nov 2022.

Nimptsch K, Konigorski S, Pischon T. Diagnosis of obesity and use of obesity biomarkers in science and clinical medicine. Metabolism. 2019;92:61–70. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S002604951830266X. Accessed 25 Nov 2022.

Ignacio RMC, Kim C-S, Kim S-K. Immunological profiling of obesity. J Lifestyle Med. 2014;4:1–7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26064849. Accessed 25 Nov 2022.

Christou KA, Christou GA, Karamoutsios A, Vartholomatos G, Gartzonika K, Tsatsoulis A, et al. The regulation of serum resistin levels in metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese individuals. Hormones. 2020;19:523–9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32328905. Accessed 25 Nov 2022.

Chooi YC, Ding C, Magkos F. The epidemiology of obesity. Metabolism. 2019;92:6–10.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Al-Khalidi B, Kimball SM, Kuk JL, Ardern CI. Metabolically healthy obesity, vitamin D, and all-cause and cardiometabolic mortality risk in NHANES III. Clin Nutr. 2019;38:820–8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29525513. Accessed 28 Nov 2022.

Rey-López JP, Rezende LF, Pastor-Valero M, Tess BH. Prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity. Obes Rev. 2014;15(10):781–90.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Nuotio M-L, Slagter SN, Doiron D, Fischer K, Foco L, et al. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and metabolically healthy obesity in Europe: a collaborative analysis of ten large cohort studies. Bmc Endocr Disord. 2014;14(1):9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yu S, Guo X, Li GX, Yang H, Zheng L, Sun Y. Metabolic healthy obesity is associated with higher incidence of mild decrease estimate glomerular rate in rural northeast Chinese. BMC Nephrol. 2020;21:505. https://bmcnephrol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12882-020-02164-2. Accessed 28 Nov 2022.

Itoh H, Kaneko H, Kiriyama H, Kamon T, Fujiu K, Morita K, et al. Metabolically healthy obesity and the risk of cardiovascular disease in the general population - analysis of a nationwide epidemiological database. Circ J. 2021;85(6):914–20.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim S-A, Lim K, Lee J-K, Kang D, Shin S. Metabolically healthy obesity and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in a Korean population: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2021;11(9):e049063.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kruger HS, Lange-Loots ZD, Kruger IM, Pieters M. The metabolic profiles of metabolically healthy obese and metabolically unhealthy obese South African adults over 10 years. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:5061. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/9/5061. Accessed 28 Nov 2022.

Doumatey AP, Bentley AR, Zhou J, Huang H, Adeyemo A, Rotimi CN. Paradoxical hyperadiponectinemia is associated with the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype in African Americans. J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;2:51–65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23293696. Accessed 28 Nov 2022.

Phipps ME, Chan KK, Naidu R, Mohamad NW, Hoh B-P, Quek K-F, et al. Cardio-metabolic health risks in indigenous populations of Southeast Asia and the influence of urbanization. BMC Public Health. 2015;15(1):47.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kasahara H, Lu NL, Lu TL, Nguyen TT, Yamazaki T, Amano T. Obesity and metabolic syndrome in urban Vietnam. Ningen Dock Int. 2022;ND22–004.

Nguyen SN, Tran VD, Le TTM, Nga HT, Tho NTT. High prevalence of metabolic syndrome among overweight adults in Vietnam based on different criteria: results from a community-based study. Clin Epidemiol Global Heal. 2021;12:100852.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mathis BJ, Tanaka K, Hiramatsu Y. Factors of obesity and metabolically healthy obesity in Asia. Medicina. 2022;58(9):1271.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kim Y, Chang Y, Cho YK, Ahn J, Shin H, Ryu S. Metabolically healthy versus unhealthy obesity and risk of fibrosis progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int. 2019;39(10):1884–94.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Martinez-Gomez D, Ortega FB, Hamer M, Lopez-Garcia E, Struijk E, Sadarangani KP, et al. Physical activity and risk of metabolic phenotypes of obesity: a prospective Taiwanese cohort study in more than 200,000 adults. Mayo Clin Proc. 2019;94:2209–19. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31619366. Accessed 28 Nov 2022.

Yang C, Liu X, Dang Y, Li J, Jing J, Tian D, et al. Obesity metabolic phenotype, changes in time and risk of diabetes mellitus in an observational prospective study on general population. Int J Public Health. 2022;67:1604986.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhou Z, Macpherson J, Gray SR, Gill JMR, Welsh P, Celis-Morales C, et al. Are people with metabolically healthy obesity really healthy? A prospective cohort study of 381,363 UK Biobank participants. Diabetologia. 2021;64(9):1963–72.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Targher G, Corey KE, Byrne CD, Roden M. The complex link between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus – mechanisms and treatments. Nat Rev Gastroentero. 2021;18(9):599–612.

Article  Google Scholar 

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif