Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children temporally associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (MIS-C), a novel hyperinflammatory condition secondary to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is associated with severe outcomes such as coronary artery aneurysm and death. This multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study including eight centers in Mexico, aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with MIS-C. Patient data were evaluated using latent class analysis to categorize patients into three phenotypes: toxic shock syndrome-like (TSSL)-MIS-C, Kawasaki disease-like (KDL)-MIS-C, and nonspecific MIS-C (NS-MIS-C). Risk factors for adverse outcomes were estimated using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression. The study included 239 patients with MIS-C, including 61 (26%), 70 (29%), and 108 (45%) patients in the TSSL-MIS-C, KDL-MIS-C, and NS-MIS-C groups, respectively. Fifty-four percent of the patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 42%, 78%, and 41% received intravenous immunoglobulin, systemic glucocorticoids, and anticoagulants, respectively. Coronary artery dilatation and aneurysm were found in 5.7% and 13.2% of the patients, respectively. The rate of mortality due to SARS-CoV-2-related factors was 4.6%. Delay of ≥10 days in hospital admission was associated with coronary artery aneurysm or dilatation (odds ratio [OR] 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2- 2.0). Age ≥ 10 years (OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.4- 2.04), severe underlying condition (OR 9.3, 95% CI 2.8- 31.0), platelet count < 150,000/mm3 (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.2- 14.7), international normalized ratio > 1.2 at admission (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.05- 13.9), and serum ferritin concentration > 1500 mg/dL (OR 52, 95% CI 5.9- 463) were risk factors for death.

The authors have declared no competing interest.

The authors declare that this study received funding from Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez. The funder was not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of data.

I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.

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The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:

The study was approved by Federico Gomez Mexico Children's Hospital Institutional Review Board (approval no. HIM-2022-015) and the local ethics review board of the remaining participating centers.

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Datasets are available on request to NGG (nadiag.him@gmail.com)