*Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

‡Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine

†Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY

§Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill

∥Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem

¶East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Family Medicine Center, Greenville, NC

#Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA

**Insight Policy Research Arlington, VA

All statements in this paper, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of PCORI, its Board of Governors or the Methodology Committee.

This research was supported by a Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute Project Program Award (PCS-1403-14532).

P.W.D. and C.D.B. report ownership interest in Care Directions, Inc.; Duncan is a research advisor for BQ Technologies. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Correspondence to: Anna M. Kucharska-Newton, PhD, MPH, Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, 111 Washington Ave., Suite 212E, Lexington, KY 40536-0003. E-mail: [email protected].

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