aWeill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA;

bDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA;

cDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China;

dDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;

eDepartment of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;

fDepartment of Hematology, Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China;

gDepartment of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;

hDepartment of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL;

iDepartment of Neurology and Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO;

jHIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA;

kInstitute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; and

lState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Correspondence to: Taisheng Li MD, PhD, Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing 100730, China (e-mail: [email protected]).

Supported by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under R21 TW010148 (FCC) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the NIH under K23 NS105575 (FCC). The contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. This work was also supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences under 2017-I2M-1-014 (HW), the National Science and Technology Major Project of China for the 13th Five-Year Plan under 2017ZX10202101-001 (TL), and the Key Clinical Specialties Program of Beijing, China.

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Presented, in part, at the 2020 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 8 to 11, 2020, scheduled in Boston, MA, but held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design and conceptualization of the study (F.C.C., F.A.S., B.M.A., S.L., R.K.H., H.W., and T.L.), data collection (F.Z., Y.H., X.S., H.Z., D.A., Y.W., B.H., C.S., F.F., and Y.Z.), analysis and interpretation of the data (F.C.C., F.Z., J.Z., D.A., C.S., H.W., T.L.), drafting the manuscript (F.C.C.), and revising the manuscript (F.C.C., F.Z., Y.H., X.S., J.Z., D.A., Y.W., B.H., F.A.S., B.M.A., S.L., R.K.H., C.S., F.F., Y.Z., H.W., and T.L.).