Available online 16 February 2023, 101449

Lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) is the second most common type of non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) in children, adolescents, and young adults (CAYA), accounting for 25–35% of all cases. T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) comprises 70–80% of cases, while precursor B-lymphoblastic lymphoma (pB-LBL) makes up the remaining 20–25% of cases. Event-free and overall survival (EFS and OS) for paediatric LBL patients both exceed 80% with current therapies. Treatment regimens, especially in T-LBL with large mediastinal tumours, are complex with significant toxicity and long-term complications. Though prognosis overall is good for T-LBL and pB-LBL with upfront therapy, outcomes for patients with relapsed or refractory (r/r) disease remain dismal. Here, we review new understanding about the pathogenesis and biology of LBL, recent clinical results and future directions for therapy, and remaining obstacles to improve outcomes while reducing toxicity.

Lymphoblastic lymphoma

Precursor T cell

Precursor B cell

Children

Adolescents

Novel agents

Immunotherapy

CAR-T cells

© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.