Schramm P, Klein KU, Falkenberg L, Berres M, Closhen D, Werhahn KJ, David M, Werner C, Engelhard K. Impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation in patients with severe sepsis and sepsis-associated delirium. Crit Care. 2012;16:R181.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Heming N, Mazeraud A, Verdonk F, Bozza FA, Chrétien F, Sharshar T. Neuroanatomy of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Crit Care. 2017;21:65.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang QH, Sheng ZY, Yao YM. Septic encephalopathy: when cytokines interact with acetylcholine in the brain. Mil Med Res. 2014;1:20.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lazosky A, Young GB, Zirul S, Phillips R. Quality of life after septic illness. J Crit Care. 2010;25:406–12.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brummel NE, Jackson JC, Pandharipande PP, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Dittus RS, Gill TM, Bernard GR, Ely EW, Girard TD. Delirium in the ICU and subsequent long-term disability among survivors of mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med. 2014;42:369–77.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stubbs DJ, Yamamoto AK, Menon DK. Imaging in sepsis-associated encephalopathy–insights and opportunities. Nat Rev Neurol. 2013;9:551–61.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Szöllősi D, Hegedűs N, Veres DS, Futó I, Horváth I, Kovács N, Martinecz B, Dénes Á, Seifert D, Bergmann R, Lebeda O, Varga Z, Kaleta Z, Szigeti K, Máthé D. Evaluation of brain nuclear medicine imaging tracers in a murine model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Mol Imaging Biol. 2018;20:952–62.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gao Z, Davis C, Thomas AM, Economo MN, Abrego AM, Svoboda K, De Zeeuw CI, Li N. A cortico-cerebellar loop for motor planning. Nature. 2018;563:113–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ito M. Control of mental activities by internal models in the cerebellum. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008;9:304–13.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dejager L, Pinheiro I, Dejonckheere E, Libert C. Cecal ligation and puncture: the gold standard model for polymicrobial sepsis? Trends Microbiol. 2011;4:198–208.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rittirsch D, Huber-Lang MS, Flierl MA, Ward PA. Immunodesign of experimental sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture. Nat Protoc. 2009;4:31–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang XT, Zhou L, Cai XY, Xu FX, Xu ZH, Li XY, Shen Y. Deletion of Mea6 in cerebellar granule cells impairs synaptic development and motor performance. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;8: 627146.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang XT, Cai XY, Xu FX, Zhou L, Zheng R, Ma KY, Xu ZH, Shen Y. MEA6 deficiency impairs cerebellar development and motor performance by tethering protein trafficking. Front Cell Neurosci. 2019;13:250.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xu FX, Zhou L, Wang XT, Jia F, Ma KY, Wang N, Lin L, Xu FQ, Shen Y. Magneto is ineffective in controlling electrical properties of cerebellar Purkinje cells. Nat Neurosci. 2020;23:1041–3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhou JH, Wang XT, Zhou L, Zhou L, Xu FX, Su LD, Wang H, Jia F, Xu FQ, Chen GQ, De Zeeuw CI, Shen Y. Ablation of TFR1 in Purkinje cells inhibits mGlu1 trafficking and impairs motor coordination, but not autistic-like behaviors. J Neurosci. 2017;37:11335–52.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shimizu H, Yamanouchi K. Acceleration of irregular estrous cycle in forced running by midbrain raphe lesions in female rats. Neurosci Lett. 2011;495:192–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zheng N, Raman IM. Synaptic inhibition, excitation, and plasticity in neurons of the cerebellar nuclei. Cerebellum. 2010;9:56–66.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schonewille M, Belmeguenai A, Koekkoek SK, Houtman SH, Boele HJ, van Beugen BJ, Gao Z, Badura A, Ohtsuki G, Amerika WE, Hosy E, Hoebeek FE, Elgersma Y, Hansel C, De Zeeuw CI. Purkinje cell-specific knockout of the protein phosphatase PP2B impairs potentiation and cerebellar motor learning. Neuron. 2010;67:618–28.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Peter S, Ten Brinke MM, Stedehouder J, Reinelt CM, Wu B, Zhou H, Zhou K, Boele HJ, Kushner SA, Lee MG, Schmeisser MJ, Boeckers TM, Schonewille M, Hoebeek FE, De Zeeuw CI. Dysfunctional cerebellar Purkinje cells contribute to autism-like behaviour in Shank2-deficient mice. Nat Commun. 2016;7:12627.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yamamoto M, Kim M, Imai H, Itakura Y, Ohtsuki G. Microglia-triggered plasticity of intrinsic excitability modulates psychomotor behaviors in acute cerebellar inflammation. Cell Rep. 2019;28:2923–38.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ohno H, Kubo K, Murooka H, Kobayashi Y, Nishitoba T, Shibuya M, Yoneda T, Isoe T. A c-fms tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Ki20227, suppresses osteoclast differentiation and osteolytic bone destruction in a bone metastasis model. Mol Cancer Ther. 2006;5:2634–43.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Elmore MR, Najafi AR, Koike MA, Dagher NN, Spangenberg EE, Rice RA, Kitazawa M, Matusow B, Nguyen H, West BL, Green KN. Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor signaling is necessary for microglia viability, unmasking a microglia progenitor cell in the adult brain. Neuron. 2014;82:380–97.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nakayama H, Abe M, Morimoto C, Iida T, Okabe S, Sakimura K, Hashimoto K. Microglia permit climbing fiber elimination by promoting GABAergic inhibition in the developing cerebellum. Nat Commun. 2018;9:2830.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhou L, Yang D, Wang DJ, Xie YJ, Zhou JH, Zhou L, Huang H, Han S, Shao CY, Li HS, Zhu JJ, Qiu MS, De Zeeuw CI, Shen Y. Numb deficiency in cerebellar Purkinje cells impairs synaptic expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor and motor coordination. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015;112:15474–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Steinberg JP, Takamiya K, Shen Y, Xia J, Rubio ME, Yu S, Jin W, Thomas GM, Linden DJ, Huganir RL. Targeted in vivo mutations of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR2 and its interacting protein PICK1 eliminate cerebellar long-term depression. Neuron. 2006;49:845–60.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Grasselli G, Boele HJ, Titley HK, Bradford N, van Beers L, Jay L, Beekhof GC, Busch SE, De Zeeuw CI, Schonewille M, Hansel C. SK2 channels in cerebellar Purkinje cells contribute to excitability modulation in motor-learning-specific memory traces. PLoS Biol. 2020;18: e3000596.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wisden W, Murray AJ, McClure C, Wulff P. Studying cerebellar circuits by remote control of selected neuronal types with GABA(A) receptors. Front Mol Neurosci. 2009;2:29.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tauber SC, Djukic M, Gossner J, Eiffert H, Brück W, Nau R. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy and septic encephalitis: an update. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2021;19:215–31.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Michels M, Vieira AS, Vuolo F, Zapelini HG, Mendonça B, Mina F, Dominguini D, Steckert A, Schuck PF, Quevedo J, Petronilho F, Dal-Pizzol F. The role of microglia activation in the development of sepsis-induced long-term cognitive impairment. Brain Behav Immun. 2015;43:54–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Murray C, Griffin ÉW, O’Loughlin E, Lyons A, Sherwin E, Ahmed S, Stevenson NJ, Harkin A, Cunningham C. Interdependent and independent roles of type I interferons and IL-6 in innate immune, neuroinflammatory and sickness behaviour responses to systemic poly I:C. Brain Behav Immun. 2015;48:274–86.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Beattie MS, Hermann GE, Rogers RC, Bresnahan JC. Cell death in models of spinal cord injury. Prog Brain Res. 2002;137:37–47.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pribiag H, Stellwagen D. Neuroimmune regulation of homeostatic synaptic plasticity. Neuropharmacology. 2014;78:13–22.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Santello M, Bezzi P, Volterra A. TNFα controls glutamatergic gliotransmission in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Neuron. 2011;69:988–1001.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Habbas S, Santello M, Becker D, Stubbe H, Zappia G, Liaudet N, Klaus FR, Kollias G, Fontana A, Pryce CR, Suter T, Volterra A. Neuroinflammatory TNFα impairs memory via astrocyte signaling. Cell. 2015;163:1730–41.

Article  CAS  PubMed