Gorman EA, O’Kane CM, McAuley DF. Acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults: diagnosis, outcomes, long-term sequelae, and management. Lancet. 2022;400(10358):1157–70.
Nuckton TJ, Alonso JA, Kallet RH, Daniel BM, Pittet JF, Eisner MD, Matthay MA. Pulmonary dead-space fraction as a risk factor for death in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(17):1281–6.
ARDS Definition Task Force, Ranieri VM, Rubenfeld GD, Thompson BT, Ferguson ND, Caldwell E, Fan E, et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin definition. JAMA. 2012;307(23):2526–33.
Hernu R, Wallet F, Thiollière F, Martin O, Richard JC, Schmitt Z, et al. An attempt to validate the modification of the American-European consensus definition of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome by the Berlin definition in a university hospital. Intensive Care Med. 2013;39(12):2161–70.
Liu X, Liu X, Xu Y, Xu Z, Huang Y, Chen S, et al. Ventilatory ratio in hypercapnic mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;201(10):1297–9.
Sinha P, Fauvel NJ, Singh S, Soni N. Ventilatory ratio: a simple bedside measure of ventilation. Br J Anaesth. 2009;102(5):692–7.
Gattinoni L, Chiumello D, Rossi S. COVID-19 pneumonia: ARDS or not? Crit Care. 2020;24(1):154.
Bohr C. Ueber die Lungenathmung. Skand Arch Physiol. 1891;2:236–8.
Englhoff H. Volumen inefficax. Bemerkungen zur frage des schädlichen raumes. Uppsala Läkareforen Forhandl. 1938;44:191–218.
Siddiki H, Kojicic M, Li G, Yilmaz M, Thompson TB, Hubmayr RD, Gajic O. Bedside quantification of dead-space fraction using routine clinical data in patients with acute lung injury: secondary analysis of two prospective trials. Crit Care. 2010;14(4):R141.
Beitler JR, Thompson BT, Matthay MA, Talmor D, Liu KD, Zhuo H, et al. Estimating dead-space fraction for secondary analyses of acute respiratory distress syndrome clinical trials. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(5):1026–35.
Robertson HT. Dead space: the physiology of wasted ventilation. Eur Respir J. 2015;45(6):1704–16.
Verscheure S, Massion PB, Verschuren F, Damas P, Magder S. Volumetric capnography: lessons from the past and current clinical applications. Crit Care. 2016;20(1):184.
Riley RL, Cournand A. Ideal alveolar air and the analysis of ventilation-perfusion relationships in the lungs. J Appl Physiol. 1949;1(12):825–47.
Radermacher P, Maggiore SM, Mercat A. Fifty years of research in ARDS. Gas exchange in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;196(8):964–84.
Petersson J, Glenny RW. Gas exchange and ventilation-perfusion relationships in the lung. Eur Respir J. 2014;44(4):1023–41.
Sinha P, Fauvel NJ, Singh P, Soni N. Analysis of ventilatory ratio as a novel method to monitor ventilatory adequacy at the bedside. Crit Care. 2013;17(1):R34.
Sinha P, Sanders RD, Soni N, Vukoja MK, Gajic O. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the prognostic value of ventilatory ratio–a simple bedside tool to monitor ventilatory efficiency. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187(10):1150–3.
Sinha P, Singh S, Hardman JG, Bersten AD, Soni N, Australia and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group. Evaluation of the physiological properties of ventilatory ratio in a computational cardiopulmonary model and its clinical application in an acute respiratory distress syndrome population. Br J Anaesth. 2014;112(1):96–101.
Morales-Quinteros L, Schultz MJ, Bringué J, Calfee CS, Camprubí M, Cremer OL, MARS Consortium, et al. Estimated dead space fraction and the ventilatory ratio are associated with mortality in early ARDS. Ann Intensive Care. 2019;9(1):128.
Sinha P, Calfee CS, Beitler JR, Soni N, Ho K, Matthay MA, Kallet RH. Physiologic analysis and clinical performance of the ventilatory ratio in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;199(3):333–41.
Torres A, Motos A, Riera J, Fernández-Barat L, Ceccato A, Pérez-Arnal R, CIBERESUCICOVID Project (COV20/00110, ISCIII), et al. The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients. Crit Care. 2021;25(1):331.
Anderson CT, Breen PH. Carbon dioxide kinetics and capnography during critical care. Crit Care. 2000;4(4):207–15.
Kallet RH, Lipnick MS. End-tidal-to-arterial PCO2 ratio as signifier for physiologic dead-space ratio and oxygenation dysfunction in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Respir Care. 2021;66(2):263–8.
Morales-Quinteros L, Neto AS, Artigas A, Blanch L, Botta M, Kaufman DA, PRoVENT-COVID Study Group, et al. Dead space estimates may not be independently associated with 28-day mortality in COVID-19 ARDS. Crit Care. 2021;25(1):171.
Chiumello D, Busana M, Coppola S, Romitti F, Formenti P, Bonifazi M, et al. Physiological and quantitative CT-scan characterization of COVID-19 and typical ARDS: a matched cohort study. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(12):2187–96.
Gendreau S, Geri G, Pham T, Vieillard-Baron A, Mekontso DA. The role of acute hypercapnia on mortality and short-term physiology in patients mechanically ventilated for ARDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med. 2022;48(5):517–34.
Wagner PD. The multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET). Intensive Care Med. 2008;34(6):994–1001.
Karbing DS, Panigada M, Bottino N, Spinelli E, Protti A, Rees SE, Gattinoni L. Changes in shunt, ventilation/perfusion mismatch, and lung aeration with PEEP in patients with ARDS: a prospective single-arm interventional study. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):111.
Spinelli E, Kircher M, Stender B, Ottaviani I, Basile MC, Marongiu I, et al. Unmatched ventilation and perfusion measured by electrical impedance tomography predicts the outcome of ARDS. Crit Care. 2021;25(1):192.
Suter PM, Fairley B, Isenberg MD. Optimum end-expiratory airway pressure in patients with acute pulmonary failure. N Engl J Med. 1975;292(6):284–9.
Murray IP, Modell JH, Gallagher TJ, Banner MJ. Titration of PEEP by the arterial minus end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient. Chest. 1984;85(1):100–4.
Blanch L, Fernández R, Benito S, Mancebo J, Net A. Effect of PEEP on the arterial minus end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient. Chest. 1987;92(3):451–4.
Tusman G, Suarez-Sipmann F, Böhm SH, Pech T, Reissmann H, Meschino G, Scandurra A, Hedenstierna G. Monitoring dead space during recruitment and PEEP titration in an experimental model. Intensive Care Med. 2006;32(11):1863–71.
Tusman G, Suarez-Sipmann F, Bohm SH, Borges JB, Hedenstierna G. Capnography reflects ventilation/perfusion distribution in a model of acute lung injury. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2011;55(5):597–606.
Yang Y, Huang Y, Tang R, Chen Q, Hui X, Li Y, et al. Optimization of positive end-expiratory pressure by volumetric capnography variables in lavage-induced acute lung injury. Respiration. 2014;87(1):75–83.
Guérin C, Albert RK, Beitler J, Gattinoni L, Jaber S, Marini JJ, et al. Prone position in ARDS patients: why, when, how and for whom. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(12):2385–96.
Langer M, Mascheroni D, Marcolin R, Gattinoni L. The prone position in ARDS patients. Clin Study Chest. 1988;94(1):103–7.
Guérin C, Reignier J, Richard JC, Beuret P, Gacouin A, Boulain T, PROSEVA Study Group, et al. Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(23):2159–68.
Albert RK, Keniston A, Baboi L, Ayzac L, Guérin C, Proseva Investigators. Prone position-induced improvement in gas exchange does not predict improved survival in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;189(4):494–6.
Gattinoni L, Vagginelli F, Carlesso E, Taccone P, Conte V, Chiumello D, Prone-Supine Study Group, et al. Decrease in PaCO2 with prone position is predictive of improved outcome in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med. 2003;31(12):2727–33.
Charron C, Repesse X, Bouferrache K, Bodson L, Castro S, Page B, et al. PaCO2 and alveolar dead space are more relevant than PaO2/FiO2 ratio in monitoring the respiratory response to prone position in ARDS patients: a physiological study. Crit Care. 2011;15(4):R175.
Lee HY, Cho J, Kwak N, Choi SM, Lee J, Park YS, et al. Improved oxygenation after prone positioning may be a predictor of survival in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med. 2020;48(12):1729–36.
Scaramuzzo G, Gamberini L, Tonetti T, Zani G, Ottaviani I, Mazzoli CA, ICU-RER COVID-19 Collaboration, et al. Sustained oxygenation improvement after first prone positioning is associated with liberation from mechanical ventilation and mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a cohort study. Ann Intensive Care. 2021;11(1):63.
Langer T, Brioni M, Guzzardella A, Carlesso E, Cabrini L, Castelli G, PRONA-COVID Group, et al. Prone position in intubated, mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19: a multi-centric study of more than 1000 patients. Crit Care. 2021;25(1):128.
Gattinoni L, Chiumello D, Caironi P, Busana M, Romitti F, Brazzi L, Camporota L. COVID-19 pneumonia: Different respiratory treatments for different phenotypes? Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(6):1099–102.
留言 (0)