Declaration of competing interest: This study is sponsored by Bayer AG. The authors wrote the article with the assistance of a medical writer funded by the sponsor. The sponsor was involved in the study design and the writing of the report. N.R.D. works under contract with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to develop and maintain performance measures used for public reporting and pay for performance programs. He reports research grants and consulting for Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cytokinetics, Merck, Novartis, SCPharmaceuticals, and Vifor. S.D.N. reports receipt of personal fees from AstraZeneca (DSMB), ACI clinical (EAC), Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim/Lilly, Vifor, Vertex and grants from Keryx, outside the submitted work. S.B.N. is supported by NIH research grants R01MD014712, RF00250-2022-0038, U2CDK129496 and P50MD017366, and CDC project number 75D301-21-P-12254; receives research support from Bayer AG for the submitted work, Goldfinch Bio, Travere and Terasaki Institute of Biomedical Innovation, and personal fees and other support from AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, Gilead, Novo Nordisk and Boehringer Ingelheim/Lilly. K.M.P. discloses speaker bureau fees from AstraZeneca, Corcept Therapeutics, Merck, and Novo Nordisk, consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Corcept Therapeutics, Diasome, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Merck, Sanofi, and Twinhealth, and research support from Bayer, Novo Nordisk, Merck, and Twinhealth. C.W. reports steering committee and advisory board participation as well as lecturing honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, FMC, Gilead, GSK, MSD, Sanofi and Vifor S.H. is an employee of ClinStat GmbH and reports consulting or advisory roles of her CRO with Bayer AG. A.G. is an employee of Bayer AG, Germany. D.C.W. has received honoraria from Astellas, AstraZeneca (ongoing consultancy agreement), Amgen, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Gilead, Janssen, Mundipharma, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Tricida, Vifor and Zydus.