Background: Serveral genes involved in the pathogenesis have been identified and a crucial role is known to be played by the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system. However, the relationship between HLA and a cluster of hematological diseases has been rarely reported in China.Methods: Blood samples (n=123,913) from 43,568 patients and 80,345 individuals without known pathology were genotyped using sequence-based typing (SBT) for HLA class I and II.Results: The HLA-A*11:01, B*40:01, C*01:02, DQB1*03:01, and DRB1*09:01 were common in China. Additionally, compared to controls, in malignant hematologic diseases, 3 high-frequency alleles (DQB1*03:01, DQB1*06:02, and DRB1*15:01) were risky. And we observed 7 high-frequency risk alleles (A*01:01, B*46:01, C*01:02, DQB1*03:03, DQB1*05:02, DRB1*09:01, and DRB1*14:54) and 8 high-frequency susceptible genotypes (A*11:01-A*11:01, B*46:01-B*58:01, B*46:01-B*46:01, C*01:02-C*03:04, DQB1*03:01-DQB1*05:02, DQB1*03:03-DQB1*06:01, DRB1*09:01-DRB1*15:01, and DRB1*14:54-DRB1*15:01) for benign hematologic diseases. Conclusion: Our results support the association between HLA alleles/genotypes and multiple hematological disorders, which is essential in disease surveillance.

The authors have declared no competing interest.

The authors received no specific funding for this work.

I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.

Yes

The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:

This study protocol was reviewed and approved by the ethics committee of the Shanghai Tissuebank Medical Laboratory, approval number 2020-006.

I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals.

Yes

I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).

Yes

I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable.

Yes

All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files