Oral care to reduce costs and increase clinical effectiveness in preventing nosocomial pneumonia: a systematic review

Elsevier

Available online 29 January 2023, 101834

Journal of Evidence-Based Dental PracticeAuthor links open overlay panelHighlights•

Oral care seemed to lead to reduction in incidence of VAP/NV-HAP

Oral care represents low cost for treatment of nosocomial pneumonia

Nursing training is important for effective mouth disinfection care

Specialized and continuous nursing training contributes to cost savings

AbstractBackground

Nosocomial pneumonia ranks among the top five diseases that lead to additional financial costs due to hospitalization. This study aimed to evaluate the cost of oral care and its clinical effectiveness in preventing pneumonia in a systematic review.

Methods

The search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Sciences, Scopus, CINAHL, LILACS, complemented by grey literature and manual search, between January/2021 and August/2022. Two independent reviewers extracted data from the selected articles, individually analyzing each study's quality using the BMJ Drummond checklist. The data were tabulated by clinical or economic type.

Results

A total of 3,130 articles were identified; the eligibility criteria were verified, and 12 articles were selected for qualitative analysis. Only two achieved satisfactory quality assessment for economic analysis studies. There was heterogeneity between clinical and economic data. Eleven of the 12 studies reported a decrease in the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia following the application of oral care practices. Most authors reported a reduction in the estimate of individual costs, followed by a decrease in the need for antibiotic therapy. The costs of oral care were very low compared to other costs.

Conclusion

Despite the low level of evidence in the literature, heterogeneity and poor quality of the selected studies, most studies concluded that oral care seemed to lead to reduced costs in hospital expenses for treating pneumonia.

Key words

Cost analysis

Cost-effectiveness

Oral health

Patient care

Nosocomial pneumonia

Ventilator‐associated pneumonia

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© 2023 Published by Elsevier Inc.

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