Vaccine-elicited B and T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is impaired in chronic lung disease patients

Abstract

The protection afforded by vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to individuals with chronic lung disease is not well established. To understand how chronic lung disease impacts SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-elicited immunity we performed deep immunophenotyping of the humoral and cell mediated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in an investigative cohort of vaccinated patients with diverse pulmonary conditions including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and interstitial lung disease (ILD). Compared to healthy controls, 48% of vaccinated patients with chronic lung diseases had reduced antibody titers to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine antigen as early as 3-4 months after vaccination, correlating with decreased vaccine-specific memory B cells. Vaccine-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells were also significantly reduced in patients with asthma, COPD, and a subset of ILD patients compared to healthy controls. These findings reveal the complex nature of vaccine-elicited immunity in high-risk patients with chronic lung disease.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Funding Statement

This work was supported by the following funding: National Institutes of Health Grants: R.L.R. (AI156901), P.M. (AI18785), H.L. (GM135421) and M.E.W. (NJH Dept. of Medicine MOOR microgrant award and the Jin Hua Foundation), A.N.G. and H.L. (Funded by NJH Div. of Pulmonary, Critical Care

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Ethics committee/IRB of National Jewish Health gave ethical approval for this work.

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Data Availability

All data produced in the present study are contained in the manuscript or are available upon reasonable request to the authors

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