Rexer BN, Arteaga CL. Intrinsic and acquired resistance to HER2-targeted therapies in HER2 gene-amplified breast cancer: mechanisms and clinical implications. Crit Rev Oncog. 2012;17(1):1–16.

Article  Google Scholar 

Luengo A, Gui DY, Vander Heiden MG. Targeting metabolism for cancer therapy. Cell Chem Biol. 2017;24(9):1161–80.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Glunde K, Bhujwalla ZM, Ronen SM. Choline metabolism in malignant transformation. Nat Rev Cancer. 2011;11(12):835–48.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Iorio E, Caramujo MJ, Cecchetti S, Spadaro F, Carpinelli G, Canese R, et al. Key players in choline metabolic reprograming in triple-negative breast cancer. Front Oncol. 2016;6:205.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sonkar K, Ayyappan V, Tressler CM, Adelaja O, Cai R, Cheng M, et al. Focus on the glycerophosphocholine pathway in choline phospholipid metabolism of cancer. NMR Biomed. 2019;32(10):e4112.

Article  Google Scholar 

Aboagye EO, Bhujwalla ZM. Malignant transformation alters membrane choline phospholipid metabolism of human mammary epithelial cells. Cancer Res. 1999;59(1):80–4.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Chen JH, Mehta RS, Baek HM, Nie K, Liu H, Lin MQ, et al. Clinical characteristics and biomarkers of breast cancer associated with choline concentration measured by 1H MRS. NMR Biomed. 2011;24(3):316–24.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Glunde K, Jie C, Bhujwalla ZM. Molecular causes of the aberrant choline phospholipid metabolism in breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2004;64(12):4270–6.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mori N, Wildes F, Takagi T, Glunde K, Bhujwalla ZM. The tumor microenvironment modulates choline and lipid metabolism. Front Oncol. 2016;6:262.

Article  Google Scholar 

RamírezdeMolina A, Gutiérrez R, Ramos MA, Silva JM, Silva J, Bonilla F, et al. Increased choline kinase activity in human breast carcinomas: clinical evidence for a potential novel antitumor strategy. Oncogene. 2002;21(27):4317–22.

Article  Google Scholar 

Stewart JD, Marchan R, Lesjak MS, Lambert J, Hergenroeder R, Ellis JK, et al. Choline-releasing glycerophosphodiesterase EDI3 drives tumor cell migration and metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109(21):8155–60.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lesjak MS, Marchan R, Stewart JD, Rempel E, Rahnenführer J, Hengstler JG. EDI3 links choline metabolism to integrin expression, cell adhesion and spreading. Cell Adh Migr. 2014;8(5):499–508.

Article  Google Scholar 

Huang KB, Pan YH, Shu GN, Yao HH, Liu X, Zhou M, et al. Circular RNA circSNX6 promotes sunitinib resistance in renal cell carcinoma through the miR-1184/GPCPD1/ lysophosphatidic acid axis. Cancer Lett. 2021;523:121–34.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Marchan R, Büttner B, Lambert J, Edlund K, Glaeser I, Blaszkewicz M, et al. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 promotes tumor cell migration and poor survival in ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2017;77(17):4589–601.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

McCall MN, Bolstad BM, Irizarry RA. Frozen robust multiarray analysis (fRMA). Biostatistics. 2010;11(2):242–53.

Article  Google Scholar 

Trost TM, Lausch EU, Fees SA, Schmitt S, Enklaar T, Reutzel D, et al. Premature senescence is a primary fail-safe mechanism of ERBB2-driven tumorigenesis in breast carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 2005;65(3):840–9.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Faustino-Rocha A, Oliveira PA, Pinho-Oliveira J, Teixeira-Guedes C, Soares-Maia R, da Costa RG, et al. Estimation of rat mammary tumor volume using caliper and ultrasonography measurements. Lab Anim (NY). 2013;42(6):217–24.

Article  Google Scholar 

Jernström S, Hongisto V, Leivonen SK, Due EU, Tadele DS, Edgren H, et al. Drug-screening and genomic analyses of HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines reveal predictors for treatment response. Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press). 2017;9:185–98.

Google Scholar 

Nagata Y, Lan KH, Zhou X, Tan M, Esteva FJ, Sahin AA, et al. PTEN activation contributes to tumor inhibition by trastuzumab, and loss of PTEN predicts trastuzumab resistance in patients. Cancer Cell. 2004;6(2):117–27.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Collins DM, Madden SF, Gaynor N, AlSultan D, Le Gal M, Eustace AJ, et al. Effects of HER family-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors on antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in HER2-expressing breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2021;27(3):807–18.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hurvitz SA, Kalous O, Conklin D, Desai AJ, Dering J, Anderson L, et al. In vitro activity of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus, in a large panel of breast cancer cell lines and analysis for predictors of response. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2015;149(3):669–80.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Castro-Mondragon JA, Riudavets-Puig R, Rauluseviciute I, Lemma RB, Turchi L, Blanc-Mathieu R, et al. JASPAR 2022: the 9th release of the open-access database of transcription factor binding profiles. Nucleic Acids Res. 2022;50(D1):D165–73.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cartharius K, Frech K, Grote K, Klocke B, Haltmeier M, Klingenhoff A, et al. MatInspector and beyond: promoter analysis based on transcription factor binding sites. Bioinformatics. 2005;21(13):2933–42.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Flugel D, Gorlach A, Michiels C, Kietzmann T. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 phosphorylates hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha and mediates its destabilization in a VHL-independent manner. Mol Cell Biol. 2007;27(9):3253–65.

Article  Google Scholar 

Grimes CA, Jope RS. CREB DNA binding activity is inhibited by glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta and facilitated by lithium. J Neurochem. 2001;78(6):1219–32.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bialkowska AB, Liu Y, Nandan MO, Yang VW. A colon cancer-derived mutant of Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is resistant to degradation by glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) and the E3 ubiquitin ligase F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7alpha (FBW7alpha). J Biol Chem. 2014;289(9):5997–6005.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bilsland AE, Hoare S, Stevenson K, Plumb J, Gomez-Roman N, Cairney C, et al. Dynamic telomerase gene suppression via network effects of GSK3 inhibition. PLoS ONE. 2009;4(7):e6459.

Article  Google Scholar 

Steven A, Friedrich M, Jank P, Heimer N, Budczies J, Denkert C, et al. What turns CREB on? And off? And why does it matter? Cell Mol Life Sci. 2020;77(20):4049–67.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhang Y, Zhang H, Wang M, Schmid T, Xin Z, Kozhuharova L, et al. Hypoxia in breast cancer-scientific translation to therapeutic and diagnostic clinical applications. Front Oncol. 2021;11:652266.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sonnenblick A, Agbor-Tarh D, de Azambuja E, Hultsch S, Izquierdo M, Liu M, et al. STAT3 activation in HER2-positive breast cancers: Analysis of data from a large prospective trial. Int J Cancer. 2021;148(6):1529–35.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wang W, Nag SA, Zhang R. Targeting the NFkappaB signaling pathways for breast cancer prevention and therapy. Curr Med Chem. 2015;22(2):264–89.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hudis CA. Trastuzumab–mechanism of action and use in clinical practice. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(1):39–51.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Huang W, Sundquist J, Sundquist K, Ji J. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors use and risk for mortality and metastases among male patients with colorectal cancer. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):3191.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Peng T, Gong J, Jin Y, Zhou Y, Tong R, Wei X, et al. Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase as cancer therapeutics. Eur J Med Chem. 2018;150:742–56.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Isacoff WH, Bendetti JK, Barstis JJ, Jazieh AR, Macdonald JS, Philip PA. Phase II trial of infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, mitomycin, and dipyridamole in locally advanced unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma: SWOG S9700. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(13):1665–9.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mishra RR, Belder N, Ansari SA, Kayhan M, Bal H, Raza U, et al. Reactivation of cAMP Pathway by PDE4D inhibition represents a novel druggable axis for overcoming tamoxifen resistance in er-positive breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2018;24(8):1987–2001.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sun B, Mason S, Wilson RC, Hazard SE, Wang Y, Fang R, et al. Inhibition of the transcriptional kinase CDK7 overcomes therapeutic resistance in HER2-positive breast cancers. Oncogene. 2020;39(1):50–63.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Longo J, Mullen PJ, Yu R, van Leeuwen JE, Masoomian M, Woon DTS, et al. An actionable sterol-regulated feedback loop modulates statin sensitivity in prostate cancer. Mol Metab. 2019;25:119–30.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Pandyra A, Mullen PJ, Kalkat M, Yu R, Pong JT, Li Z, et al. Immediate utility of two approved agents to target both the metabolic mevalonate pathway and its restorative feedback loop. Cancer Res. 2014;74(17):4772–82.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Venkatesh PK, Pattillo CB, Branch B, Hood J, Thoma S, Illum S, et al. Dipyridamole enhances ischaemia-induced arteriogenesis through an endocrine nitrite/nitric oxide-dependent pathway. Cardiovasc Res. 2010;85(4):661–70.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

MacNeil IA, Burns DJ, Rich BE, Soltani SM, Kharbush S, Osterhaus NG, et al. New HER2-negative breast cancer subtype responsive to anti-HER2 therapy identified. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2020;146(3):605–19.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mezni E, Vicier C, Guerin M, Sabatier R, Bertucci F, Gonçalves A. New therapeutics in HER2-positive advanced breast cancer: towards a change in clinical practices? pi. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12(6):1573.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Walz A, Ugolkov A, Chandra S, Kozikowski A, Carneiro BA, O’Halloran TV, et al. Molecular pathways: revisiting glycogen synthase kinase-3β as a target for the treatment of cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23(8):1891–7.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Duda P, Akula SM, Abrams SL, Steelman LS, Martelli AM, Cocco L, et al. Targeting GSK3 and associated signaling pathways involved in cancer. Cells. 2020;9(5):1110.