BCG vaccine. WHO position paper. Releve epidemiologique hebdomadaire. 2004;79(4):27–38.

National Health Commission Procedures and Instructions for Children's Immunization under the National Immunization Program (Version 2021). Chin J Viral Dis. 2021;11(4):241–5.

Qu M, Zhou X, Li H. BCG vaccination strategies against tuberculosis: updates and perspectives. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021;17(12):5284–95.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wang J, Wu QS, Jiang MB, Xu ZH. Two cases of disseminated BCG disease following vaccination in the same family: case reports and review of the literature in China. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021;17(5):1382–6.

Article  Google Scholar 

Grange JM. Complications of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination and immunotherapy and their management. Commun Dis Public Health. 1998;1(2):84–8.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Venkataraman A, Yusuff M, Liebeschuetz S, Riddell A, Prendergast AJ. Management and outcome of Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine adverse reactions. Vaccine. 2015;33(41):5470–4.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ying W, Sun J, Liu D, Hui X, Yu Y, Wang J, et al. Clinical characteristics and immunogenetics of BCGosis/BCGitis in Chinese children: a 6 year follow-up study. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(4): e94485.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ong RYL, Chan SB, Chew SJ, Liew WK, Thoon KC, Chong CY, et al. Disseminated Bacillus-Calmette-Guérin infections and primary immunodeficiency disorders in Singapore: a single center 15-year retrospective review. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;97:117–25.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Marciano BE, Huang CY, Joshi G, Rezaei N, Carvalho BC, Allwood Z, et al. BCG vaccination in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency: complications, risks, and vaccination policies. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(4):1134–41.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Talbot EA, Perkins MD, Silva SF, Frothingham R. Disseminated Bacille Calmette-Guérin disease after vaccination: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;24(6):1139–46.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ayelign B, Workneh M, Molla MD, Dessie G. Role of vitamin-D supplementation in TB/HIV co-infected patients. Infect Drug Resist. 2020;13:111–8.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jensen KJ, Biering-Sørensen S, Ursing J, Kofoed PL, Aaby P, Benn CS. Seasonal variation in the non-specific effects of BCG vaccination on neonatal mortality: three randomised controlled trials in Guinea-Bissau. BMJ Glob Health. 2020;5(3): e001873.

Article  Google Scholar 

Alfawaz TS, Alshehri M, Alshahrani D. BCG related complications: a single center, prospective observational study. Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2015;2(2):75–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Norouzi S, Aghamohammadi A, Mamishi S, Rosenzweig SD, Rezaei N. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) complications associated with primary immunodeficiency diseases. J Infect. 2012;64(6):543–54.

Article  Google Scholar 

Khalili N, Mohammadzadeh I, Khalili N, Heredia RJ, Zoghi S, Boztug K, et al. BCGitis as the primary manifestation of chronic granulomatous disease. IDCases. 2021;23: e01038.

Article  Google Scholar 

Soyak Aytekin E, Keskin A, Tan C, Yalçın E, Dogru D, Ozcelik U, et al. Differential diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency in patients with BCGitis and BCGosis: a single-centre study. Scand J Immunol. 2021;94(4): e13084.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Al Waili B, Al Mufarajii N, Al Hashmi S, Al Ajmi A, Al SN. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine-related complications in children in Oman. Ann Saudi Med. 2021;41(1):24–30.

Article  Google Scholar 

Fekrvand S, Yazdani R, Olbrich P, Gennery A, Rosenzweig SD, Condino-Neto A, et al. Primary immunodeficiency diseases and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccine-derived complications: a systematic review. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(4):1371–86.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bolursaz MR, Lotfian F, Velayati AA. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine complications in Iranian children at a University Hospital. Allergol Immunopathol. 2017;45(4):356–61.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar