In vitro high-content tissue models to address precision medicine challenges

ElsevierVolume 91, June 2023, 101108Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor links open overlay panelAbstract

The field of precision medicine allows for tailor-made treatments specific to a patient and thereby improve the efficiency and accuracy of disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment and at the same time would reduce the cost, redundant treatment, and side effects of current treatments. Here, the combination of organ-on-a-chip and bioprinting into engineering high-content in vitro tissue models is envisioned to address some precision medicine challenges. This strategy could be employed to tackle the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has made a significant impact and paradigm shift in our society. Nevertheless, despite that vaccines against COVID-19 have been successfully developed and vaccination programs are already being deployed worldwide, it will likely require some time before it is available to everyone. Furthermore, there are still some uncertainties and lack of a full understanding of the virus as demonstrated in the high number new mutations arising worldwide and reinfections of already vaccinated individuals. To this end, efficient diagnostic tools and treatments are still urgently needed. In this context, the convergence of bioprinting and organ-on-a-chip technologies, either used alone or in combination, could possibly function as a prominent tool in addressing the current pandemic. This could enable facile advances of important tools, diagnostics, and better physiologically representative in vitro models specific to individuals allowing for faster and more accurate screening of therapeutics evaluating their efficacy and toxicity. This review will cover such technological advances and highlight what is needed for the field to mature for tackling the various needs for current and future pandemics as well as their relevancy towards precision medicine.

Graphical abstract

The strategy where organ-on-a-chip and bioprinting technologies are merged into a convergence approach towards in vitro high-content tissue models could promote the advancement of precision medicine and address the challenges associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite that vaccines have been developed and already in use, the society needs to be fully prepared for future pandemics and sudden health crises, which require development of therapeutic agents for prevention or treatment in a facile and efficient manner. Therefore, the continued advancement of physiologically representative and patient-specific high-content in vitro models could facilitate the development of efficient personalizable theranostics not only suited for the current pandemic but also beyond.Image 1Download : Download high-res image (394KB)Download : Download full-size image

Keywords

COVID-19

Bioprinting

Organ-on-a-chip

SARS-CoV-2

Precision medicine

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