Medline, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for randomized controlled trials on behavioral treatments targeting both health outcomes. Six separate meta-analyses were undertaken to assess treatment efficacy on smoking abstinence and weight outcomes at end of treatment (EOT), short-term, and long-term follow-up. Individual and treatment moderators were examined as well as methodological quality and publication bias of studies.
ResultsA total of 28 studies were included in the meta-analysis. There was a statistically significant positive impact of treatments addressing both targets on smoking outcomes at EOT (RR = 1.279, 95% CI: 1.096, 1.492, p = .002), but not at follow-ups. Age impacted on EOT abstinence rates Q (1) = 4.960, p = .026) while increasing the number of sessions significantly improved EOT abstinence rates (p = .020). There was no statistically significant impact of these treatments on weight at EOT (Hedges’ g = −0.015, 95% CI: −.164, 0.135, p = .849) or follow-ups (short term: Hedges’ g = 0.055, 95% CI: −0.060, 0.170, p = .347; long term: Hedges’ g = −0.320, 95% CI: −.965, 0.325, p = .331). There were minimal impacts of publication bias, mostly related to sample size, meaning studies including small sample sizes revealed larger effect sizes on abstinence at EOT.
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