Available online 13 January 2023, 100630

The classes of phytocompounds and in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials of crude aqueous extract (CAE) and ethanol extract (CEE) of Sida linifolia L. leaves were studied.

The assayed in vitro anti-inflammatory parameters were phospholipase A2 activity, platelet aggregation, albumin denaturation, membrane stabilization, protease inhibition, and heat-induced membrane hemolysis using the human red blood cells (HRBCs) method. Also, antioxidant properties of extracts were determined using reducing power assay, nitric oxide assay, total antioxidant capacity assay, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The anti-inflammatory study used aspirin and prednisolone as reference drugs, while the antioxidant assay deployed butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), gallic acid, and ascorbic acid as standard drugs. All parameters were determined following conventional procedures.

Phytochemical screening of both extracts showed varying amounts of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, cyanogenic compounds, glycoside, alkaloids, phenolics, and terpenoids. At various concentrations (0.2-1.0 mg/ml), the CAE and CEE exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) high % anti-inflammatory activities similar to the standard drugs (aspirin/prednisolone), and these correlated positively with concentration. However, CAE exhibited better anti-inflammatory activities than CEE across all the parameters assayed. The in vitro antioxidant study revealed that both extracts demonstrated good antioxidant activities, which increased with concentrations. The ranges of IC50 values (in mg/ml) for CAE (0.64-0.92) and CEE (0.51-0.62) showed that CEE possesses more antioxidant potential compared with CAE; however, both extracts were less potent compared with gallic acid (0.47), ascorbic acid (0.32-0.50), and BHT (0.30).

This study suggests that Sida linifolia leaf extracts are rich in some classes of biologically active phytocompounds and exhibit good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.

NSAIDs

Anti-inflammation

Antioxidants

Rheumatoid arthritis

phytochemicals

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