Livingston G, Huntley J, Sommerlad A, Ames D, Ballard C, Banerjee S, et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. Lancet. 2020;396:413–46.

Article  Google Scholar 

Vina J, Sanchis-Gomar F, Martinez-Bello V, Gomez-Cabrera M. Exercise acts as a drug; the pharmacological benefits of exercise. Br J Pharmacol. 2012;167(1):1–12. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3448908&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract. cited 2015 Mar 25.

Article  Google Scholar 

Prakash RS, Voss MW, Erickson KI, Kramer AF. Physical activity and cognitive vitality. Annu Rev Psychol. 2015;66(1):769–97. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015249.

Article  Google Scholar 

Floud S, Simpson RF, Balkwill A, Brown A, Goodill A, Gallacher J, et al. Body mass index, diet, physical inactivity, and the incidence of dementia in 1 million UK women. Neurology. 2020;94(2):e123–32.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sabia S, Dugravot A, Dartigues J-F, Abell J, Elbaz A, Kivimäki M, et al. Physical activity, cognitive decline, and risk of dementia: 28 year follow-up of Whitehall II cohort study. Bmj. 2017;2709(June):j2709. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j2709.

Article  Google Scholar 

Barha CK, Davis JC, Falck RS, Nagamatsu LS, Liu-Ambrose T. Sex differences in exercise efficacy to improve cognition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in older humans. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2017;46(March):71–85.

Article  Google Scholar 

de Asteasu MLS, Martínez-Velilla N, Zambom-Ferraresi F, Casas-Herrero Á, Izquierdo M. Role of physical exercise on cognitive function in healthy older adults: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Ageing Res Rev. 2017;37:117–34. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2017.05.007.

Article  Google Scholar 

Northey JM, Cherbuin N, Pumpa KL, Smee DJ, Rattray B. Exercise interventions for cognitive function in adults older than 50: a systematic review with meta-Analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2018;52(3):154–60.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wayne PM, Walsh JN, Taylor-Piliae RE, Wells RE, Papp KV, Donovan NJ, et al. Effect of Tai Chi on cognitive performance in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62(1):25–39. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24383523. cited 2019 Nov 29.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wu Y, Wang Y, Burgess EO, Wu J. The effects of Tai Chi exercise on cognitive function in older adults: a meta-analysis. J Sport Heal Sci. 2013;2(4):193–203. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095254613000720. cited 2019 Nov 29.

Article  Google Scholar 

Young J, Angevaren M, Rusted J, Tabet N. Aerobic exercise to improve cognitive function in older people without known cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(4):CD005381.

Google Scholar 

van Uffelen JGZ, Chin A Paw MJM, Hopman-Rock M, van Mechelen W. The effects of exercise on cognition in older adults with and without cognitive decline: a systematic review. Clin J Sport Med. 2008;18:486–500.

Article  Google Scholar 

Snowden M, Steinman L, Mochan K, Grodstein F, Prohaska TR, Thurman DJ, et al. Effect of exercise on cognitive performance in community-dwelling older adults: Review of intervention trials and recommendations for public health practice and research. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59(4):704–16. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21438861. cited 2019 Nov 29.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kelly ME, Loughrey D, Lawlor BA, Robertson IH, Walsh C, Brennan S. The impact of exercise on the cognitive functioning of healthy older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev. 2014;16(1):12–31. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2014.05.002.

Article  Google Scholar 

Erickson KI, Hillman C, Stillman CM, Ballard RM, Bloodgood B, Conroy DE, et al. Physical activity, cognition, and brain outcomes: a review of the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51:1242–51. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31095081. cited 2019 Oct 21.

Article  Google Scholar 

Angevaren M, Aufdemkampe G, Verhaar HJ, Aleman A, Vanhees L. Physical activity and enhanced fitness to improve cognitive function in older people without known cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(2):CD005381. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005381.pub2. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(3):CD005381. PMID: 18425918.

Baker LD, Skinner JS, Craft S, Sink KM, Montine T, Hansen A, et al. O5–04–05: Aerobic exercise reduces phosphorylated tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement. 2015;11(7S_Part_7):P324–P324.

Article  Google Scholar 

Guiney H, Machado L. Benefits of regular aerobic exercise for executive functioning in healthy populations. Psychon Bull Rev Springer. 2013;20:73–86. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-012-0345-4. cited 2021 Jun 14.

Article  Google Scholar 

Langlois F, Vu TTM, Chassé K, Dupuis G, Kergoat MJ, Bherer L. Benefits of physical exercise training on cognition and quality of life in frail older adults. J Gerontol Ser B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2012;68(3):400–4. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/psychsocgerontology/article/68/3/400/557671.

Helmrich SP, Ragland DR, Leung RW, Paffenbarger RS. Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1991;325(3):147–52. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2052059. cited 2018 Jun 14.

Article  Google Scholar 

Berlin JA, Colditz GA. A meta-analysis of physical activity in the prevention of coronary heart disease. Am J Epidemiol. 1990;132(4):612–28.

Article  Google Scholar 

Cornelissen VA, Fagard RH. Effects of endurance training on blood pressure, blood pressure-regulating mechanisms, and cardiovascular risk factors. Hypertension. 2005;46(4):667–75. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000184225.05629.51. Epub 2005 Sep 12. PMID: 16157788.

Dishman RK, Berthoud HR, Booth FW, Cotman CW, Edgerton VR, Fleshner MR, et al. Neurobiology of exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sport. 2006;16(6):470–470. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00610_1.x.

Article  Google Scholar 

Samitz G, Egger M, Zwahlen M. Domains of physical activity and all-cause mortality: systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40(5):1382–400. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyr112. cited 2018 Jun 14.

Article  Google Scholar 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2008 Physical activity guidelines for Americans. Pres Counc Phys Fit Sport Res Dig. 2008;9(4):1–8. Available from: https://health.gov/our-work/nutrition-physical-activity/physical-activity-guidelines/previous-guidelines/2008-physical-activity-guidelines.

Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, Powell KE, Blair SN, Franklin BA, et al. Physical activity and public health: Updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39:1423–34. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17762377/. cited 2020 Dec 14.

Article  Google Scholar 

Colcombe SJ, Erickson KI, Scalf PE, Kim JS, Prakash R, McAuley E, et al. Aerobic exercise training increases brain volume in aging humans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61(11):1166–70.

Article  Google Scholar 

McAuley E, Kramer AF, Colcombe SJ. Cardiovascular fitness and neurocognitive function in older Adults: a brief review. Brain Behav Immun. 2004;18:214–20 (Academic Press).

Article  Google Scholar 

Reuben DB, Judd-Hamilton L, Harris TB, Seeman TE. The associations between physical activity and inflammatory markers in high-functioning older persons: MacArthur studies of successful aging. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51(8):1125–30. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51380.x (cited 2020 Dec 14).

Article  Google Scholar 

Cotman CW, Berchtold NC, Christie L-A. Exercise builds brain health: key roles of growth factor cascades and inflammation. Trends Neurosci. 2007;30(9):464–72. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17765329. cited 2019 Oct 21.

Article  Google Scholar 

Mattusch F, Dufaux B, Heine O, Mertens I, Rost R. Reduction of the plasma concentration of C-reactive protein following nine months of endurance training. Int J Sports Med. 2000;21(1):21–4.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rovio S, Kåreholt I, Helkala E-L, Viitanen M, Winblad B, Tuomilehto J, et al. Leisure-time physical activity at midlife and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet Neurol. 2005;4(November):705–11.

Article  Google Scholar 

Beason-Held LL, Moghekar A, Zonderman AB, Kraut MA, Resnick SM. Longitudinal changes in cerebral blood flow in the older hypertensive brain. Stroke. 2007;38(6):1766–73. Available from: http://ahajournals.org. cited 2021 May 31.

Article  Google Scholar 

Etnier JL, Nowell PM, Landers DM, Sibley BA. Brain Res Rev. 2006;52:119–30.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lista I, Sorrentino G. Biological mechanisms of physical activity in preventing cognitive decline. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2010;30:493–503. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20041290/. cited 2021 Apr 6.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kramer AF, Hahn S, McAuley E, Cohen NJ, Banich MT, Harrison C, et al. Exercise, aging, and cognition: healthy body, healthy mind? In: Rogers WA, Fisk AD (Eds.). Human Factors Interventions for the Health Care of Older Adults (1st ed.). CRC Press; 2001. https://doi.org/10.1201/b12459.

Etnier JL, Caselli RJ, Reiman EM, Alexander GE, Sibley BA, Tessier D, et al. Cognitive performance in older women relative to ApoE-ε4 genotype and aerobic fitness. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(35):199–207.

Article  Google Scholar 

Niti M, Yap K-B, Kua E-H, Tan C-H, Ng T-P. Physical, social and productive leisure activities, cognitive decline and interaction with APOE-epsilon 4 genotype in Chinese older adults. Int Psychogeriatr. 2008;20(2):237–51. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18190728. cited 2015 Feb 27.

Article  Google Scholar 

Shih IF, Paul K, Haan M, Yu Y, Ritz B. Physical activity modifies the influence of apolipoprotein E ε4 allele and type 2 diabetes on dementia and cognitive impairment among older Mexican Americans. Alzheimers Dement. 2018;14(1):1–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kivipelto M, Rovio S, Ngandu T, Kareholt I, Eskelinen M, Winblad B, et al. Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 magnifies lifestyle risks for dementia: a population based study. JCell MolMed. 2008;12(6):2762–71.

Google Scholar 

Schiepers OJG, Harris SE, Gow AJ, Pattie A, Brett CE, Starr JM, et al. APOE E4 status predicts age-related cognitive decline in the ninth decade: longitudinal follow-up of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921. Molecular Psychiatry. 2012;17:315–24. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2010.137 Nature Publishing Group.

Article  Google Scholar 

Schuit AJ, Feskens EJM, Launer LJ, Kromhout D. Physical activity and cognitive decline, the role of the apolipoprotein e4 allele. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(5):772–7.

Article  Google Scholar 

Erickson KI, Gildengers AG, Butters MA. Physical activity and brain plasticity in late adulthood. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2013;15(1):99–108. Available from: https://www.dialogues-cns.org. cited 2020 Dec 14.

Article  Google Scholar 

Chieffi S, Messina G, Villano I, Messina A, Esposito M, Monda V, et al. Exercise influence on hippocampal function: Possible involvement of Orexin-A. Front Physiol. 2017;8:85. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00085. PMID: 28261108; PMCID:PMC5306252.

Locke EA, Latham GP. Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation. A 35-year odyssey. Am Psychol. 2002;57(9):705–17. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12237980).

Article  Google Scholar 

Rubak S, Sandbaek A, Lauritzen T, Christensen B. Motivational interviewing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Gen Pract. 2005;55(513):305–12. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1463134&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract. cited 2015 Feb 2.

Google Scholar 

Blaauwbroek R, Bouma MJ, Tuinier W, Groenier KH, De Greef MHG, Meyboom-De Jong B, et al. The effect of exercise counselling with feedback from a pedometer on fatigue in adult survivors of childhood cancer: a pilot study. Support Care Cancer. 2009;17(8):1041–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sprenger SR, Houët BJ, de Greef MHG. De COACH methode : State of the Art Doelgroep : werknemers De COACH methode : State of the Art Doelgroep : werknemers. 2011.

Google Scholar 

Houët BJ, Sprenger SR, de Greef MHG. Eindevaluatie COACH methode bij COPD patiënten in Gezondheidscentrum Slochteren. 2012.

Google Scholar 

Sprenger SR, de Greef MHG. DRASTIC: Een evidence based methode om patiënten met een chronische aandoening meer te stimuleren om meer te bewegen. 2006.

Google Scholar 

Hospes G, Bossenbroek L, ten Hacken NHT, van Hengel P, de Greef MHG. Enhancement of daily physical activity increases physical fitness of outclinic COPD patients: Results of an exercise counseling program. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75(2):274–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2008.10.005.

Article