Hui Li, MD, is lecturer, School of Nursing, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China.

Huaiting Gu, PhD, is associate professor, School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China.

Cheng Chi, PhD, is associate professor, School of Nursing, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China.

Hong Jiang, MD, is lecturer, School of Nursing, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China.

Yuanyuan Zhou, RN, is nurse-in-charge, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong, China.

Wenxiao Jia, is undergraduate student, School of Nursing, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China.

Qiushi Liu, MD, is professor, School of Nursing, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China.

Address correspondence to Qiushi Liu, MD, No 133 Hehua Rd, Jining City, Shandong Province, China ([email protected]).

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

This study was funded by the 2021 Undergraduate Teaching Reform research project of the Shandong Provincial Department of Education.

The authors chose to make the data set publicly available in a data repository.

The research protocol of this study was reviewed and approved by Jining Medical University and the Shandong Provincial Department of Education (M2021084).

All participants signed an informed consent form.