GnRH and Gonadotropins are an effective treatment for hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

Evidence for use of hormone therapy in hypergonadotropism and eugonadism is poor.

Doctors should consider the risks of adverse events when using empirical therapies.

Randomised trials and protocol standardisation are needed to improve data quality.

Infertility affects 15% of couples worldwide and in approximately 50% of cases the cause is secondary to an abnormality of the sperm. However, treatment options for male infertility are limited and empirical use of hormone stimulation has been utilised. We review the contemporary data regarding the application of hormone stimulation to treat male infertility. There is strong evidence supporting the use of hormone stimulation in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism but there is inadequate evidence for all other indications.

Hormone Stimulation Therapy

Male Infertility

Azoospermia

Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism

Eugonadism

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone

Gonadotropins

Selective Oestrogen Receptor Modulators

Aromatase Inhibitors

Dopamine Agonists

© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.