Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan

Yoshitaka Kyou, Hiroyuki Muraoka & Ken Inada

Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Shimotsuga, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan

Norio Yasui-Furukori

Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan

Naomi Hasegawa, Kenta Ide, Yuka Yasuda, Junya Matsumoto, Kenichiro Miura, Hisashi Yamada & Ryota Hahimoto

Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Hospital of University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-Ku, Kitakyushu-Shi, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan

Kenta Ide

Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan

Kayo Ichihashi

Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan

Naoki Hashimoto

Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jyonan-Ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan

Hikaru Hori & Hitoshi Iida

Department of Pharmacy, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan

Yoshihito Shimizu

Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-Shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan

Yayoi Imamura, Takashi Tsuboi & Koichiro Watanabe

Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan

Kazutaka Ohi

Life Grow Brilliant Mental Clinic, Medical Corporation Foster, 1-3-11 Oyodominami, Kitaku, Osaka, 531-0075, Japan

Yuka Yasuda

Center for Postgraduate Clinical Training and Career Development, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan

Kazuyoshi Ogasawara

Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, 3-8-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan

Shusuke Numata

Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan

Jun-ichi Iga

Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan

Shinichiro Ochi

Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minatoku, Japan

Fumitoshi Kodaka

Agency for Health, Safety and Environment, Kyoto University, Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan

Ryuji Furihata

Department of Neuroimaging Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan

Toshiaki Onitsuka

Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijocho Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan

Manabu Makinodan

Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan

Hiroshi Komatsu & Saya Kikuchi

Department of Neuropsychiatry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita City, Akita, 010-8543, Japan

Masahiro Takeshima

Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1- Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan

Chika Kubota

Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan

Akitoyo Hishimoto

Health Administration Center (Kyusyu Region), Nippon Telegraph and Telephone West Corporation, 13-8 DOIMACHI Bld.2F, Kamikawabatamachi, Hakata-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-0026, Japan

Kiyokazu Atake

Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan

Hirotaka Yamagata

Kido Clinic, 244 Hounoki, Imizu, Toyama, 934-0053, Japan

Mikio Kido

Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan

Mikio Kido

Department of NeuroPsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-Machi, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan

Tatsuya Nagasawa

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-8516, Japan

Masahide Usami

Hills Joint Research Laboratory for Future Preventive Medicine and Wellness, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan

Taishiro Kishimoto

Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan

Hisashi Yamada

YK and NY-F were critically involved in collecting and analyzing the data, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. KIn and KW were critically involved in the design of the study and contributed to the interpretation of the data and writing of the manuscript. NHase, KId, KIc, NHash, HH, YS, YI, and HM, were involved in analyzing the data and contributed to the interpretation of the data and the writing of the manuscript. HYamad, HI, KOh, YY, KOg, SN, JI, TT, SO, FK, RF, TO, MM, HK, MT, CK, AH, KA, HYamag, MK, TN, MU, TK, SK, JM, and KM, were involved in and contributed to the participant recruitment process and data collection, and the data interpretation. RH supervised the entire project, and was critically involved in data collection, design, analysis and interpretation of the data. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript and agree to be accountable for all aspects of this work. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.