Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
Yoshitaka Kyou, Hiroyuki Muraoka & Ken Inada
Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Shimotsuga, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
Norio Yasui-Furukori
Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
Naomi Hasegawa, Kenta Ide, Yuka Yasuda, Junya Matsumoto, Kenichiro Miura, Hisashi Yamada & Ryota Hahimoto
Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Hospital of University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-Ku, Kitakyushu-Shi, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
Kenta Ide
Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
Kayo Ichihashi
Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
Naoki Hashimoto
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jyonan-Ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
Hikaru Hori & Hitoshi Iida
Department of Pharmacy, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
Yoshihito Shimizu
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-Shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
Yayoi Imamura, Takashi Tsuboi & Koichiro Watanabe
Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
Kazutaka Ohi
Life Grow Brilliant Mental Clinic, Medical Corporation Foster, 1-3-11 Oyodominami, Kitaku, Osaka, 531-0075, Japan
Yuka Yasuda
Center for Postgraduate Clinical Training and Career Development, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
Kazuyoshi Ogasawara
Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, 3-8-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
Shusuke Numata
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
Jun-ichi Iga
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
Shinichiro Ochi
Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minatoku, Japan
Fumitoshi Kodaka
Agency for Health, Safety and Environment, Kyoto University, Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
Ryuji Furihata
Department of Neuroimaging Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
Toshiaki Onitsuka
Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijocho Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
Manabu Makinodan
Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
Hiroshi Komatsu & Saya Kikuchi
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita City, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
Masahiro Takeshima
Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1- Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
Chika Kubota
Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
Akitoyo Hishimoto
Health Administration Center (Kyusyu Region), Nippon Telegraph and Telephone West Corporation, 13-8 DOIMACHI Bld.2F, Kamikawabatamachi, Hakata-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-0026, Japan
Kiyokazu Atake
Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
Hirotaka Yamagata
Kido Clinic, 244 Hounoki, Imizu, Toyama, 934-0053, Japan
Mikio Kido
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
Mikio Kido
Department of NeuroPsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-Machi, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
Tatsuya Nagasawa
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-8516, Japan
Masahide Usami
Hills Joint Research Laboratory for Future Preventive Medicine and Wellness, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
Taishiro Kishimoto
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
Hisashi Yamada
YK and NY-F were critically involved in collecting and analyzing the data, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. KIn and KW were critically involved in the design of the study and contributed to the interpretation of the data and writing of the manuscript. NHase, KId, KIc, NHash, HH, YS, YI, and HM, were involved in analyzing the data and contributed to the interpretation of the data and the writing of the manuscript. HYamad, HI, KOh, YY, KOg, SN, JI, TT, SO, FK, RF, TO, MM, HK, MT, CK, AH, KA, HYamag, MK, TN, MU, TK, SK, JM, and KM, were involved in and contributed to the participant recruitment process and data collection, and the data interpretation. RH supervised the entire project, and was critically involved in data collection, design, analysis and interpretation of the data. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript and agree to be accountable for all aspects of this work. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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