Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea (Dr Lee); Department of Nursing, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea (Dr Lee); Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea (Drs Han, Park, Ryu, and Choi); and Department of Nursing, Honam University, Gwangju, South Korea (Dr Jang).

Correspondence: Mi Ah Han, MD, PhD, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 309 Philmum-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea ([email protected]).

This article is a condensed form of the first author's doctoral thesis from Chosun University.

The authors have disclosed that they have no significant relationships with, or financial interest in, any commercial companies pertaining to this article.