Jiang ZQ, Wang SD, Feng DD, Zhang BX, Mao SH, Wu JN. Epidemiological risk factors for nosocomial bloodstream infections: a four-year retrospective study in China. J Crit Care. 2019;52:92–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2019.04.019.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ocampo AM, Chen L, Cienfuegos AV, Roncancio G, Chavda KD, Kreiswirth BN, et al. A two-year surveillance in five Colombian Tertiary Care Hospitals reveals high frequency of non-CG258 clones of Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae with distinct clinical characteristics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016;60(1):332–42. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.01775-15.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Pau CK, Ma FF, Ip M, You JH. Characteristics and outcomes of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia in Hong Kong. Infect Dis (Lond, Engl). 2015;47(5):283–8. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365548.2014.985710.

Article  Google Scholar 

Tian L, Tan R, Chen Y, Sun J, Liu J, Qu H, et al. Epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections in a teaching hospital: factors related to the carbapenem resistance and patient mortality. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2016;5:48. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-016-0145-0.

Article  Google Scholar 

Nielsen SL, Pedersen C, Jensen TG, Gradel KO, Kolmos HJ, Lassen AT. Decreasing incidence rates of bacteremia: a 9-year population-based study. J Infect. 2014;69(1):51–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2014.01.014.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Delle Rose D, Sordillo P, Gini S, Cerva C, Boros S, Rezza G, et al. Microbiologic characteristics and predictors of mortality in bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients: a 1-year, large, prospective surveillance study in 5 Italian hospitals. Am J Infect Control. 2015;43(11):1178–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2015.06.023.

Article  Google Scholar 

Xu L, Sun X, Ma X. Systematic review and meta-analysis of mortality of patients infected with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2017;16(1):18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-017-0191-3.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Li J, Ren J, Wang W, Wang G, Gu G, Wu X, et al. Risk factors and clinical outcomes of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae induced bloodstream infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2018;37(4):679–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-017-3160-z.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gomez-Simmonds A, Nelson B, Eiras DP, Loo A, Jenkins SG, Whittier S, et al. Combination regimens for treatment of Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016;60(6):3601–7. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.03007-15.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cristina ML, Alicino C, Sartini M, Faccio V, Spagnolo AM, Bono VD, et al. Epidemiology, management, and outcome of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections in hospitals within the same endemic metropolitan area. J Infect Public Health. 2018;11(2):171–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2017.06.003.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hu F, Guo Y, Yang Y, Zheng Y, Wu S, Jiang X, et al. Resistance reported from China antimicrobial surveillance network (CHINET) in 2018. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019;38(12):2275–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-019-03673-1.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhang Y, Guo LY, Song WQ, Wang Y, Dong F, Liu G. Risk factors for carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae bloodstream infection and predictors of mortality in Chinese paediatric patients. BMC Infect Dis. 2018;18(1):248. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3160-3.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Schwaber MJ, Klarfeld-Lidji S, Navon-Venezia S, Schwartz D, Leavitt A, Carmeli Y. Predictors of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae acquisition among hospitalized adults and effect of acquisition on mortality. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008;52(3):1028–33. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.01020-07.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chang H, Wei J, Zhou W, Yan X, Cao X, Zuo L, et al. Risk factors and mortality for patients with Bloodstream infections of Klebsiella pneumoniae during 2014–2018: Clinical impact of carbapenem resistance in a large tertiary hospital of China. J Infect Public Health. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2019.11.014.

Article  Google Scholar 

Jiao Y, Qin Y, Liu J, Li Q, Dong Y, Shang Y, et al. Risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection/colonization and predictors of mortality: a retrospective study. Pathogens Glob Health. 2015;109(2):68–74. https://doi.org/10.1179/2047773215y.0000000004.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Amit S, Mishali H, Kotlovsky T, Schwaber MJ, Carmeli Y. Bloodstream infections among carriers of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: etiology, incidence and predictors. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2015;21(1):30–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2014.08.001.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zheng X, Wang JF, Xu WL, Xu J, Hu J. Clinical and molecular characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2017;6:102. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-017-0256-2.

Article  Google Scholar 

Du M, Xing Y, Suo J, Liu B, Jia N, Huo R, et al. Real-time automatic hospital-wide surveillance of nosocomial infections and outbreaks in a large Chinese tertiary hospital. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2014;14:9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-14-9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zarkotou O, Pournaras S, Tselioti P, Dragoumanos V, Pitiriga V, Ranellou K, et al. Predictors of mortality in patients with bloodstream infections caused by KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and impact of appropriate antimicrobial treatment. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011;17(12):1798–803. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03514.x.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Horan TC, Andrus M, Dudeck MA. CDC/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting. Am J Infect Control. 2008;36(5):309–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2008.03.002.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hu FP, Guo Y, Zhu DM, Wang F, Jiang XF, Xu YC, et al. Resistance trends among clinical isolates in China reported from CHINET surveillance of bacterial resistance, 2005–2014. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016;22(Suppl 1):S9-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2016.01.001.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Moghadampour M, Salari-Jazi A, Faghri J. High rate of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae detected from hospital equipments in Iran. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung. 2018;65(4):529–38. https://doi.org/10.1556/030.65.2018.039.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chamieh A, El-Hajj G, Zmerli O, Afif C, Azar E. Carbapenem resistant organisms: a 9-year surveillance and trends at Saint George University Medical Center. J Infect Public Health. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2019.02.019.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ben-David D, Kordevani R, Keller N, Tal I, Marzel A, Gal-Mor O, et al. Outcome of carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18(1):54–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03478.x.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gomez-Simmonds A, Greenman M, Sullivan SB, Tanner JP, Sowash MG, Whittier S, et al. Population structure of Klebsiella pneumoniae causing bloodstream infections at a New York city Tertiary Care Hospital: diversification of multidrug-resistant isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 2015;53(7):2060–7. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.03455-14.

Article  Google Scholar 

Alicino C, Giacobbe DR, Orsi A, Tassinari F, Trucchi C, Sarteschi G, et al. Trends in the annual incidence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections: a 8-year retrospective study in a large teaching hospital in northern Italy. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:415. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-015-1152-0.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Daikos GL, Tsaousi S, Tzouvelekis LS, Anyfantis I, Psichogiou M, Argyropoulou A, et al. Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections: lowering mortality by antibiotic combination schemes and the role of carbapenems. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(4):2322–8. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.02166-13.

Article  Google Scholar 

Brizendine KD, Richter SS, Cober ED, van Duin D. Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae urinary tract infection following solid organ transplantation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015;59(1):553–7. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.04284-14.

Article  Google Scholar 

Li Y, Li J, Hu T, Hu J, Song N, Zhang Y, et al. Five-year change of prevalence and risk factors for infection and mortality of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection in a tertiary hospital in North China. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2020;9(1):79. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-020-00728-3.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hu Y, Ping Y, Li L, Xu H, Yan X, Dai H. A retrospective study of risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae acquisition among ICU patients. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2016;10(3):208–13. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.6697.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Daniel Markley J, Bernard S, Bearman G, Stevens MP. De-escalating antibiotic use in the inpatient setting: strategies, controversies, and challenges. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2017;19(4):17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-017-0575-8.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Brennan BM, Coyle JR, Marchaim D, Pogue JM, Boehme M, Finks J, et al. Statewide surveillance of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae in Michigan. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2014;35(4):342–9. https://doi.org/10.1086/675611.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hussein K, Raz-Pasteur A, Finkelstein R, Neuberger A, Shachor-Meyouhas Y, Oren I, et al. Impact of carbapenem resistance on the outcome of patients’ hospital-acquired bacteraemia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Hosp Infect. 2013;83(4):307–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2012.10.012.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Diaz A, Ortiz DC, Trujillo M, Garces C, Jaimes F, Restrepo AV. Clinical characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infections in Ill and colonized children in Colombia. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2016;35(3):237–41. https://doi.org/10.1097/inf.0000000000000987.

Article  Google Scholar 

Akgul F, Bozkurt I, Sunbul M, Esen S, Leblebicioglu H. Risk factors and mortality in the Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection: case control study. Pathog Glob Health. 2016;110(7–8):321–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/20477724.2016.1254976.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Candevir-Ulu A, Kurtaran B, Inal AS, Komur S, Kibar F, Yapici-Cicekdemir H, et al. Risk factors of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection: a serious threat in ICUs. Med Sci Monit Int Med J Exp Clin Res. 2015;21:219–24. https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.892516.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Papadimitriou-Olivgeris M, Fligou F, Bartzavali C, Zotou A, Spyropoulou A, Koutsileou K, et al. Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection in critically ill patients: risk factors and predictors of mortality. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2017;36(7):1125–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-017-2899-6.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Tumbarello M, Viale P, Bassetti M, De Rosa FG, Spanu T, Viscoli C. Infections caused by KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: differences in therapy and mortality in a multicentre study–authors’ response. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015;70(10):2922. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkv200.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, Annane D, Gerlach H, Opal SM, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock, 2012. Intensive Care Med. 2013;39(2):165–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-012-2769-8.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fraenkel-Wandel Y, Raveh-Brawer D, Wiener-Well Y, Yinnon