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•• van Dis EAM, van Veen SC, Hagenaars MA, Batelaan NM, Bockting CLH, van den Heuvel RM, Cuijpers P, Engelhard IM. Long-term outcomes of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety-related disorders. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;77(3):265. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.3986. This is recent meta-analysis examining the impact of long-term outcomes of CBT. The authors outline some fundamental points concerning the long-term outcomes after 12 months. According to the review, the effects were unstable after 12 months of treatment. As suggested by the authors, the natural progression of this work is to examine the variable associated with treatment response as this would help to optimize the treatment.
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•• Belsher BE, Beech E, Evatt D, Smolenski DJ, Shea MT, Otto JL, et al. Present-centered therapy (PCT) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. Cochrane Libr . 2019;2019(11). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd012898.pub2. This is a recent meta-analysis compares present-centered therapy (PCT) with trauma-focused CBT(TCBT) and other control conditions. This is an important review as PCT is considered as non-directive psychotherapy for PTSD and was designed as a placebo treatment. The intervention focuses on developing hope, optimism and positive regard. Though PCT is distinct from other forms of psychotherapy, it is interesting to note that PCT has been shown to be effective in improving PTSD symptoms. Additionally, this review provides important insight on dropout rates as the authors found that dropout were significantly lower as compared to TCBT.
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• Fauerbach JA, Gehrke AK, Mason ST, Gould NF, Milner SM, Caffrey J. Cognitive behavioral treatment for acute posttrauma distress: a randomized, controlled proof-of-concept study among hospitalized adults with burns. Arch Phys Med Rehabil .2020;101(1S):S16–25. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2018.11.027.
• Simon NM, Hofmann SG, Rosenfield D, Hoeppner SS, Hoge EA, Bui E, et al. Efficacy of yoga vs cognitive behavioral therapy vs stress education for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized clinical trial: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021;78(1):13–20. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.2496.
• Carlsson J, Sonne C, Vindbjerg E, Mortensen EL. Stress management versus cognitive restructuring in trauma-affected refugees—a pragmatic randomized study. Psychiatry Res. 2018;266:116–23. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.015.
• Foa EB, McLean CP, Zang Y, Rosenfield D, Yadin E, Yarvis JS, et al. Effect of prolonged exposure therapy delivered over 2 weeks vs 8 weeks vs present-centered therapy on PTSD symptom severity in military personnel: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018;319(4):354. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.21242.
•• Haynes PL, Burger SB, Kelly M, Emert S, Perkins S, Shea MT. Cognitive behavioral social rhythm group therapy versus present centered group therapy for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. J Affect Disord. 2020;277:800–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.009. This paper is important because it is the first randomized controlled pilot trial to examine the feasibility and efficacy of a promising new social rhythm-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBSRT) in combat veterans with PTSD. According to social rhythm hypothesis of mood disorders, dysregulated mood are a resulted of poor circadian rhythm. Veteran with PTSD have major sleep disturbances. Therefore, to address the need CBSRT was designed to improve the sleep disturbances. The authors did find that individuals assigned to the CBSRT group have significant reductions in the frequency of nightmares as compared to individuals randomized to PCT, but not overall PTSD symptoms.
•• Johnson DM, Palmieri PA, Zlotnick C, Johnson NL, Hoffman L, Holmes SC, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing HOPE treatment and present-centered therapy in women residing in shelter with PTSD from intimate partner violence. Psychol Women Q. 2020;44(4):539–53. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684320953120. This is the first RCT addressing intimate partner violence (IPV) among women with a higher rate of PTSD. The authors investigate a unique treatment to address such needs for the sample. The treatment focuses on empowering women living in the shelters by teaching CBT based skills including cognitive restructuring, managing triggers improving relationships, assertiveness, anger management goal setting and safety planning. The finding from the papers indicates that such training are effective for IPV survivors residing in shelter.
• Nidich S, Mills PJ, Rainforth M, Heppner P, Schneider RH, Rosenthal NE, et al. Nontrauma-focused meditation versus exposure therapy in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet Psychiatry . 2018;5(12):975–86. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30384-5.
• Sloan DM, Unger W, Lee DJ, Beck JG. A randomized controlled trial of group cognitive behavioral treatment for veterans diagnosed with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: group cognitive behavioral treatment for PTSD. J Trauma Stress . 2018;31(6):886–98. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22338.
•• Vera M, Obén A, Juarbe D, Hernández N, Kichic R, Hembree EA. A randomized clinical trial of prolonged exposure and applied relaxation for the treatment of Latinos with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress. 2022;35(2):593–604. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22773. This article is important because it is the first study to examine the efficacy of prolonged exposure therapy in a population of Spanish-speaking Latinos with PTSD, addressing disparities experienced by racial and ethnic minorities and providing information relevant to their treatment.
•• Samantaray NN, Nath B, Behera N, Mishra A, Singh P, Sudhir P. Brief cognitive behavior group therapy for social anxiety among medical students: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Asian J Psychiatr. 2021;55(102526):102526. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102526. This article is important mainly for two reasons: it examines the efficacy of a brief CBT for targeting SAD amongst medical students and it is the only RCT of those included in this meta-analysis that was conducted in an Asian country. Although various studies have examined the prevalence of SAD among different populations, data regarding SAD amongst medical students are scarce. Therefore, this study is an important addition contributing to the extant literature.
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of defense. VA/DOD clinical practice guideline for the management of posttraumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder 2017. Available at https://www.healthquality.va.gov/guidelines/MH/ptsd/VADoDPTSDCPGFinal012418.pdf. Accessed 8 Aug 2022.
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•• Hofmann SG, Hayes SC. The future of intervention science: process-based therapy. Clin Psychol Sci . 2019;7(1):37–50. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702618772296. This article gives an overview of process-based therapy and alternative way to understand and treat psychological problems rather than relying on the disease model.
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