Department of Emergency, Digestive and Metabolic Minimally Invasive Surgery, Poissy and Saint Germain en Laye Hospitals, Poissy, France

Belinda De Simone, Elie Chouillard, Andrew A. Gumbs & Hager Aref

The Research Office, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates., United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE

Fikri M. Abu-Zidan

Department of General Surgery, Santa Maria del Soccorso Hospital, San Benedetto del Tronto, Ascoli Piceno, Italy

Salomone Di Saverio

Department of General Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy

Massimo Sartelli

Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

Mauro Podda, Fabio Medas, Gian Luigi Canu, Federico Cappellacci, Adolfo Pisanu & Oreste Nardello

Faculdade de Ciência Médicas e da Saúde de Juiz de Fora, Hospital Universitario Terezinha de Jesus (SUPREMA), Juiz de Fora, Brazil

Carlos Augusto Gomes & Felipe Couto Gomes

Ernest E. Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, Denver, CO, USA

Ernest E. Moore

Department of Surgery, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland

Susan J. Moug

Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Luca Ansaloni

Department of General Surgery, The Rambam Academic Hospital, Haifa, Israel

Yoram Kluger

Department of General and Emergency Surgery, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Federico Coccolini

Alfredo- Espinosa Urduliz Hospital, Urduliz, Spain

Aitor Landaluce-Olavarria, Begoña Estraviz-Mateos & Ana Uriguen-Etxeberria

General Surgery Unit ASL Toscana Centro, Santo Stefano Hospital, Prato, Italy

Alessio Giordano

Universidad de Sucre, Clínica Santa María, Sincelejo, Colombia

Alfonso Palmieri Luna, Luz Adriana Hernández Amín & Adriana María Palmieri Hernández

Emergency Surgery Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK

Amanda Shabana

Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences and Hospital USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia

Zakaria Andee Dzulkarnaen, Muhammad Asyraf Othman & Mohamad Ikhwan Sani

UOC of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Hospital “San Paolo”, Largo Donatori del Sangue 1, 00053, Civitavecchia, Rome, Italy

Andrea Balla, Rosa Scaramuzzo & Pasquale Lepiane

SOD Chirurgia dell’Apparato Digerente, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy

Andrea Bottari, Fabio Staderini & Fabio Cianchi

Department of Surgery, University of Catania, Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco” Hospital, Catania, Italy

Andrea Cavallaro, Antonio Zanghì & Alessandro Cappellani

U.O.C. of General Surgery, “Carlo Urbani” Hospital, Jesi, AN, Italy

Roberto Campagnacci & Angela Maurizi

Hospital “Istituto Città di Pavia”, Pavia, Italy

Mario Martinotti, Annamaria Ruggieri & Fabrizio Gambarini

Department of General Surgery, Hospital Sultan Ismail Petra, 18000, Kuala Krai, Kelantan, Malaysia

Asri Che Jusoh, Karim Abdul Rahman & Anis Suraya M. Zulkifli

Chirurgia Generale e Mininvasiva, San Polo Monfalcone, Monfalcone, GO, Italy

Barbara Petronio

Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain

Belén Matías-García, Ana Quiroga-Valcárcel & Fernando Mendoza-Moreno

RIMU, Medical University of Plovdiv, UMHAT Eurohospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Boyko Atanasov

Ospedale San Giovanni Decollato Andosilla – ASL, Civita Castellana, Viterbo, VT, Italy

Fabio Cesare Campanile & Ilaria Vecchioni

UOC Chirurgia Generale, Ospedale “Madonna del Soccorso”, San Benedetto del Tronto, AP, Italy

Luca Cardinali, Grazia Travaglini & Elisa Sebastiani

Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital, Lviv, Ukraine

Serge Chooklin & Serhii Chuklin

Lorenzo Bonomo Hospital, ASL BAT, Andria, Puglia, Italy

Pasquale Cianci, Enrico Restini & Sabino Capuzzolo

Generall Surgery Unit, Science of Health Department, “Mater Domini” Hospital, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, Viale Europa, 88100, Germaneto, Catanzaro, Italy

Giuseppe Currò, Rosalinda Filippo & Michele Rispoli

Emergency Surgery Unit, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain

Daniel Aparicio-Sánchez, Virginia Durán Muñóz-Cruzado & Sandra Dios Barbeito

Clinic for Surgery, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Samir Delibegovic & Amar Kesetovic

Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy

Diego Sasia, Felice Borghi & Giorgio Giraudo

Chirurgia Generale d’Urgenza e PS - AOU Cittá della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy

Diego Visconti, Emanuele Doria & Mauro Santarelli

General and Emergency Surgery, ASMN IRCCS REGGIO EMILIA, Reggio Emilia, Italy

Davide Luppi & Stefano Bonilauri

Surgery Unit 2, Regional Hospital Treviso, DISCOG, University of Padua, Treviso, Italy

Ugo Grossi, Giacomo Zanus & Domenico Vita

U.O. Chirurgia Generale e d’Urgenza Ospedale San Valentino, Montebelluna, Treviso, Italy

Alberto Sartori, Giacomo Piatto & Maurizio De Luca

Department of Surgery, G. Da Saliceto Hospital, AUSL Piacenza, Piacenza, Italy

Luigi Conti, Patrizio Capelli & Gaetano Maria Cattaneo

Styliani-Aikaterini Vederaki, Third Department of Surgery, “Tzaneio” General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece

Athanasios Marinis & Styliani-Aikaterini Vederaki

Mehmet Bayrak, Clinic for Surgery, Private Ortadogu Hospital, Adana, Turkey

Mehmet Bayrak

Clinic for Radiology, Private Medline Hospital, Adana, Turkey

Yasemin Altıntas

Department of General Surgery, Kestel State Hospital, Bursa, Turkey

Mustafa Yener Uzunoglu & Iskender Eren Demirbas

Department of General Surgery, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Science, Istanbul, Turkey

Yuksel Altinel, Serhat Meric & Yunus Emre Aktimur

General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey

Derya Salim Uymaz, Nail Omarov & Ibrahim Azamat

1St Department of Surgery, Kavala General Hospital, Kavala, Greece

Eftychios Lostoridis, Eleni-Aikaterini Nagorni & Antonio Pujante

UO Chirurgia 1, Dipartimento Chirurgico, Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria’di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

Gabriele Anania, Cristina Bombardini & Francesco Bagolini

Sakarya Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey

Emre Gonullu, Baris Mantoglu & Recayi Capoglu

Department of General Surgery ASL 4, Lavagna Hospital, Genoa, Italy

Stefano Cappato & Elena Muzio

Samsun Training and Research Hospital, University of Samsun, Samsun, Turkey

Elif Colak, Suleyman Polat & Zehra Alan Koylu

Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Serdivan, Turkey

Fatih Altintoprak, Zülfü Bayhan & Emrah Akin

General and Emergency Surgery Unit, San Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy

Enrico Andolfi & Sulce Rezart

Department of Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, South Korea

Jae Il Kim, Sung Won Jung & Yong Chan Shin

Elias University Emergency Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

Octavian Enciu & Elena Adelina Toma

General and Oncologic Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Via C. Forlanini 34, 47121, Forlì, Italy

Fabrizio D’Acapito, Giorgio Ercolani & Leonardo Solaini

Emergency Surgery, ASST Valle Olona, Busto Arsizio, Italy

Francesco Roscio & Federico Clerici

Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine AOU Policlinico Di Modena, Modena, Italy

Roberta Gelmini, Francesco Serra & Elena Giulia Rossi

UOC General Surgery, Hospital Civil of Sondrio, ASST Valtellina e Alto Lario, Sondrio, Italy

Francesco Fleres, Guglielmo Clarizia & Alessandro Spolini

Department of Surgery, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy

Francesco Ferrara

AUSL Reggio Emilia, Ospedale Sant’Anna, Castelnuovo ne Monti, Reggio Emilia, Italy

Gabriela Nita & Jlenia Sarnari

Department of Abdominal Surgery, Vladimir City Emergency Hospital, Vladimir, Russia

Mahir Gachabayov & Abakar Abdullaev

Policlinico Universitario Umberto I, Rome, Italy

Gaetano Poillucci

Chirurgia generale e d’urgenza, Ospedale Infermi di Rimini, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy

Gian Marco Palini, Simone Veneroni & Gianluca Garulli

Department of General Surgery, Emergencies and New Technologies, Baggiovara Civil Hospital, Modena, Italy

Micaela Piccoli, Gianmaria Casoni Pattacini & Francesca Pecchini

UOC Chirurgia d’Urgenza, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona, Salerno, Italy

Giulio Argenio & Mariano Fortunato Armellino

Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy

Giuseppe Brisinda, Silvia Tedesco & Pietro Fransvea

General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Settelaghi and University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

Giuseppe Ietto, Caterina Franchi & Giulio Carcano

General Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Bari - Italy, Bari, Italy

Gennaro Martines, Giuseppe Trigiante & Giulia Negro

Department of Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay

Gustavo Machain Vega, Agustín Rodríguez González & Leonardo Ojeda

Unit of HepatoBilioPancreatic and Digestive Surgery, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Via Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy

Gaetano Piccolo

Department of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

Andrea Bondurri, Anna Maffioli & Claudio Guerci

HPB Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Boo Han Sin, Zamri Zuhdi & Azlanudin Azman

College of Medicine, Tawam Hospital, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE

Hussam Mousa & Shadi al Bahri

Department of Surgery, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia

Goran Augustin, Ivan Romic & Trpimir Moric

Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust, London, UK

Ioannis Nikolopoulos

2nd Department of General Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

Jacopo Andreuccetti, Giusto Pignata & Rossella D’Alessio

Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Oncologic Surgery and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

Jakub Kenig & Urszula Skorus

Division of Trauma Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil

Gustavo Pereira Fraga & Elcio Shiyoiti Hirano

Division of General Surgery, Western Paraná University Hospital (Huop-Unioeste), Cascavel, Brazil

Jackson Vinícius de Lima Bertuol

School of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey

Arda Isik & Eray Kurnaz

King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan

Mohammad Sohail Asghar, Ameer Afzal & Ali Akbar

Department of General Surgery, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece

Taxiarchis Konstantinos Nikolouzakis, Konstantinos Lasithiotakis & Emmanuel Chrysos

Department of General Surgery, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Adana, Turkey

Koray Das, Nazmi Özer & Ahmet Seker

Kuwaiti Specialized Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan

Mohamed Ibrahim, Hytham K. S. Hamid & Ahmed Babiker

Surgical Department, Koutlimbaneio and Triantafylleio General Hospital of Larissa, Larisa, Greece

Konstantinos Bouliaris, George Koukoulis & Chrysoula-Christina Kolla

U.O. Chirurgia Generale Ospedale “Ceccarini” Riccione, Riccione, Italy

Andrea Lucchi & Laura Agostinelli

Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy

Antonio Taddei, Laura Fortuna & Carlotta Agostini

Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (DICHIRONS), Policlinico P. Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via Liborio Giuffré 5, 90127, Palermo, Italy

Leo Licari

University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

Simona Viola

Department of Surgery, Buccheri La Ferla Hospital, Via Messina Marine, 197, 90123, Palermo, Italy

Cosimo Callari

Department of General Surgery, Vittorio Emanuele III Hospital, Carate Brianza - ASST Brianza, Carate Brianza, Italy

Letizia Laface, Emmanuele Abate & Massimiliano Casati

Chirurgia Generale, Ospedale San Giovanni Di Dio, Florence, Italy

Alessandro Anastasi, Giuseppe Canonico & Linda Gabellini

Section of Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, S.Maria delle Croci Hospital Ravenna, Ravenna, Italy

Anna Guariniello & Federico Zanzi

Residency Program in General Surgery, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Lorenzo Tosi

Department of Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College and Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, 110002, India

Lovenish Bains

Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine

Larysa Sydorchuk, Oksana Iftoda & Andrii Sydorchuk

Ospedale Santa Corona, ASL 2, Savona, Italy

Michele Malerba, Federico Costanzo & Raffaele Galleano

Andrea Costanzi, Carlo Riva, O.U. of General Surgery, San Leopoldo Mandic Hospital, Merate, ASST, Lecco, Italy

Michela Monteleone, Andrea Costanzi & Carlo Riva

Department of General, Oncological, Metabolic and Thoracic Surgery, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland

Maciej Walędziak, Andrzej Kwiatkowski & Łukasz Czyżykowski

Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

Piotr Major, Marcin Strzałka, Maciej Matyja & Michal Natkaniec

U.O. General Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria “Policlinico - San Marco”, Catania, Italy

Maria Rosaria Valenti & Maria Domenica Pia Di Vita

3Rd Surgical Department, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece

Maria Sotiropoulou & Stylianos Kapiris

Department of Emergency Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU de Nice), Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France

Damien Massalou

General Surgery, Azienda Policlinico San Marco, Catania, Italy

Massimiliano Veroux, Alessio Volpicelli & Rossella Gioco

General and Oncological Surgery Department, San Marco Hospital GSD, Zingonia, BG, Italy

Matteo Uccelli, Marta Bonaldi & Stefano Olmi

San Giovanni Calibita Hospital- Fondazione Fatebenefratelli, Rome, Italy

Matteo Nardi & Giada Livadoti

Department of Surgery, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, Craiova, Romania

Cristian Mesina, Theodor Viorel Dumitrescu & Mihai Calin Ciorbagiu

Science of Health Department, Digestive Surgery Unit, “Mater Domini” Hospital, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, Viale Europa, 88100, Germaneto, Catanzaro, Italy

Michele Ammendola, Giorgio Ammerata & Roberto Romano

Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Eurohospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Mihail Slavchev

3Rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Evangelos P. Misiakos, Emmanouil Pikoulis & Dimitrios Papaconstantinou

Emergency Medicine and Traumatology Department, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt

Mohamed Elbahnasawy

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

Sherief Abdel-elsalam

Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Daniel M. Felsenreich & Julia Jedamzik

4Rd Department of Surgery Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Nikolaos V. Michalopoulos, Theodoros A. Sidiropoulos & Maria Papadoliopoulou

Surgery Department, Santissima Trinità Hospital, Cagliari, Italy

Nicola Cillara, Antonello Deserra & Alessandro Cannavera

General Surgery Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

Ionuţ Negoi

First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527, Athens, Greece

Dimitrios Schizas, Athanasios Syllaios & Ilias Vagios

Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK

Stavros Gourgiotis, Nick Dai, Rekha Gurung & Marcus Norrey

Department of Surgery, Delta Hospital, Azienda USL of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

Antonio Pesce, Carlo Vittorio Feo & Nicolo’ Fabbri

2Nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital Laiko, Athens, Greece

Nikolaos Machairas, Panagiotis Dorovinis & Myrto D. Keramida

Department of Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece

Francesk Mulita, Georgios Ioannis Verras & Michail Vailas

Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterological Surgery, Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, Turkey

Omer Yalkin, Nidal Iflazoglu & Direnc Yigit

Department of General Surgery, Habib Bougatfa Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, Bizerte, Tunisia

Oussama Baraket, Karim Ayed & Mohamed hedi Ghalloussi

2nd Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Athens “G.Gennimatas”, Athens, Greece

Parmenion Patias & Georgios Ntokos

Department of Surgery, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Malaysia

Razrim Rahim

Department of General Surgery and Trauma, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel

Miklosh Bala & Asaf Kedar

Western Michigan University School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, USA

Robert G. Sawyer, Anna Trinh & Kelsey Miller

Regional Emergency Hospital, Chernivtsi, Ukraine

Ruslan Sydorchuk, Ruslan Knut & Oleksandr Plehutsa

General Surgery Clinic, Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elazig, Turkey

Rumeysa Kevser Liman & Zeynep Ozkan

Egypt and NMC Specialty Hospital Al Ain, Ain Shams University, Al-Ain, UAE

Saleh Abdel Kader

Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India

Sanjay Gupta & Monika Gureh

Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

Sara Saeidi, Mohsen Aliakbarian & Amin Dalili

Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Acute Care Surgery Center, Adachi Medical Center, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan

Tomohisa Shoko, Mitsuaki Kojima & Raira Nakamoto

Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey

Semra Demirli Atici, Gizem Kilinc Tuncer & Tayfun Kaya

HPB Unit Konstantopouleio Hospital St Olga, Athens, Greece

Spiros G. Delis

Department of General and Emergency Surgery, San Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy

Stefano Rossi, Biagio Picardi & Simone Rossi del Monte

Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital of Athens, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Tania Triantafyllou & Dimitrios Theodorou

Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Tadeja Pintar & Jure Salobir

Vasileios Acheimastos, Athens Naval and Veterans Hospital, Athens, Greece

Dimitrios K. Manatakis, Nikolaos Tasis & Vasileios Acheimastos

4Th Department of Surgery, Medical School Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital “George Papanikolaou”, Thessaloniki, Greece

Orestis Ioannidis, Lydia Loutzidou & Savvas Symeonidis

General Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Do Tâmega e Sousa Penafiel, Penafiel, Portugal

Tiago Correia de Sá & Mónica Rocha

Department of general surgery, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy

Tommaso Guagni, Desiré Pantalone & Gherardo Maltinti

Emergency Surgery Department, City Hospital, Mozyr, Belarus

Vladimir Khokha

Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt

Wafaa Abdel-elsalam & Basma Ghoneim

Angeles Gil-Olarte, Estela Romero-Vargas, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain

José Antonio López-Ruiz, Angeles Gil-Olarte & Estela Romero-Vargas

General Surgery Clinic Health Sciences University Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

Yasin Kara

Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen Elisabeth Hospital, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia

Syaza Zainudin, Firdaus Hayati & Nornazirah Azizan

Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia

Victoria Tan Phooi Khei, Rebecca Choy Xin Yi & Harivinthan Sellappan

N.Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia

Zaza Demetrashvili, Nika Lekiashvili & Ana Tvaladze

IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

Caterina Froiio, Daniele Bernardi & Luigi Bonavina

General Surgery Unit, S. Leonardo Hospital, Castellammare Di Stabia, Naples, Italy

Sebastiano Grassia & Francesco Bianco

Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Tirana, Tirana, Albania

Agron Dogjani

Department of General Surgery, AULSS2 Trevigiana del Veneto, Ospedale di Vittorio Veneto, Vittorio Veneto, TV, Italy

Ferdinando Agresta

Department of Surgical Disciplines, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Regional Clinical Hospital, Kalingrad, Russia

Andrey Litvin, George Gendrikson & Mikhail Kurtenkov

Department of Traumatology, John Hunter Hospital and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia

Zsolt J. Balogh

Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Umberto I Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Lugo, Italy

Costanza Martino

Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

Dimitrios Damaskos

Department of General Surgery, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Nikolaos Pararas

General, Acute Care, Abdominal Wall Reconstruction, and Trauma Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada

Andrew Kirkpatrick

Unit of Digestive and HPB Surgery, CARE Department, Henri Mondor Hospital and University Paris-Est, Creteil, France

Nicola de’ Angelis

Department of General and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy

Vanni Agnoletti & Fausto Catena

Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Scripps Clinic Medical Group, La Jolla, CA, USA

Walter L. Biffl

Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

Antonio Biondi, Marco Vacante & Giulia Griggio

Chirurgia 1; Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche , Oncologiche e Stomatologiche (DI.CHIR.ON.S), Ospedale “Ca’Foncell”; Univerità degli studi di Palermo, Treviso; Palermo, Italy

Roberta Tutino & Marco Massani

Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologica (DI.SC.O.G.), Chirurgia 1-Ospedale “Ca Foncello”- Treviso, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy

Giovanni Bisetto

Department of General Surgery, Arcispedale Sant’Anna-University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

Savino Occhionorelli, Dario Andreotti & Domenico Lacavalla

BDS conceived and designed the study, obtained the Ethical Committee approval, collected the data, supervised the progress of the study, communicated with the collaborators, and downloaded the data. FAZ cleaned, coded, and made the statistical analysis of the data. BDS wrote the first version of the manuscript. FC, EC, and FAZ read and  revised the manuscript. BDS revised the manuscript according to comments and suggestions. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.