Accelerated vascular age in adolescents with primary hypertension

aDepartment of Nephrology, Kidney Transplantation and Hypertension

bDepartment of Diagnostic Imaging, The Children‘s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw

cOutpatient Clinic, ‘Esculap’, Gniewkowo, Poland

dDivision of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada

eDepartment of Nephrology and Arterial Hypertension, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland

Correspondence to Łukasz Obrycki, MD, PhD, Department of Nephrology, Kidney Transplantation and Hypertension, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]

Abbreviations: 24-h DBP, 24-h diastolic blood pressure; 24-h HR, 24-h heart rate; 24-h MAP, 24-h mean arterial pressure; 24-h SBP, 24-h systolic blood pressure; ABPM, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; AmbHT, ambulatory hypertension; AmbPreHT, ambulatory prehypertension; AugInd, augmentation index; AugPress, augmentation pressure; CHA, chronological age; CI, cardiac index; cIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; CO, cardiac output; cPP, central pulse pressure; cSBP, central SBP; cSBPi, central SBP index; EVA, early vascular ageing; HMOD, hypertension-mediated organ damage; HR, heart rate; IDH, isolated diastolic hypertension; ISH, isolated systolic hypertension; ISH+cSBPn, isolated systolic hypertension with normal cSBP; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; PPA, pulse pressure amplification; pPP, peripheral pulse pressure; PWA, pulse wave analysis; PWV, pulse wave velocity; SDH, systo-diastolic hypertension; SevAmbHT, severe ambulatory hypertension; SV, stroke volume; tHT, true hypertension; TPR, total peripheral resistance; VascAgeDiff50, vascular age difference (in relation to the 50th percentile of age-based PWV); VascAgeDiff90, vascular age difference (in relation to the 90th percentile of age-based PWV velocity age difference between PWV-calculated expected age (90th percentile) and chronological age; WCH, white-coat hypertension; WCSA, wall cross-sectional area

Received 19 April, 2022

Revised 27 June, 2022

Accepted 3 October, 2022

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