Exposed and Abandoned. Origins of the Foundling Hospital

Sources of Neonatal Medicine

Obladen M.

Author affiliations

Department of Neonatology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany

Log in to MyKarger to check if you already have access to this content.

Buy FullText & PDF Unlimited re-access via MyKarger Unrestricted printing, no saving restrictions for personal use
read more

CHF 38.00 *
EUR 35.00 *
USD 39.00 *

Select

KAB

Buy a Karger Article Bundle (KAB) and profit from a discount!

If you would like to redeem your KAB credit, please log in.

Save over 20% compared to the individual article price.

Learn more

Access via DeepDyve Unlimited fulltext viewing Of this article Organize, annotate And mark up articles Printing And downloading restrictions apply

Select

Subscribe Access to all articles of the subscribed year(s) guaranteed for 5 years Unlimited re-access via Subscriber Login or MyKarger Unrestricted printing, no saving restrictions for personal use read more

Subcription rates

Select

* The final prices may differ from the prices shown due to specifics of VAT rules.

Article / Publication Details

First-Page Preview

Abstract of Sources of Neonatal Medicine

Received: August 02, 2022
Accepted: October 14, 2022
Published online: December 13, 2022

Number of Print Pages: 8
Number of Figures: 3
Number of Tables: 0

ISSN: 1661-7800 (Print)
eISSN: 1661-7819 (Online)

For additional information: https://www.karger.com/NEO

Abstract

Abandoning undesired newborn infants was a Roman form of family limitation. They were exposed or given to foster mothers. Christianization alleviated their lot when in 374 CE, Emperor Valentinian’s law provided some protection. The Milan Foundling Hospital was established in 787 CE. When the Carolingian Empire fell apart during the 10th century, monastic networks (the Holy Spirit Order and Daughters of Charity) took over social support for the poor, the sick, and the insane. Foundling hospitals proliferated in Italy between the 13th and 15th centuries, in France during the 16th and 17th, and in Germany and Austria in the 18th century. Metropolitan hospices admitted thousands of infants each year. Most were not “found” exposed but were admitted anonymously via a revolving box or registered in an open office. Soon after admission, they were transported for foster care to wet nurses in villages. Sick infants, especially those suspected of suffering from syphilis, were denied the breast, and artificial feeding was tried with little success. Official death statistics were falsified by relating infant deaths not to admissions but to the total number of children cared for. Over 60% died during their first year of life, mostly from pre-admission problems such as malformation, hypothermia, and disease; from poor hygiene in overcrowded wards; and from artificial feeding. Although not intended for that purpose, the hospices became medical research institutions when in late 18th century, physicians and surgeons were employed by maternity and foundling hospitals.

© 2022 S. Karger AG, Basel

References Tenon J. Mémoires sur les hôpitaux de Paris. Paris: Pierres; 1788. Gaillard AH. Recherches administratives, statistiques et morales sur les enfants trouvés, les enfants naturels et les orphelins en France et dans plusieurs autres pays de l’Europe. Paris: Th. Leclerc; 1837. Terme J-F, Monfalcon J-B. Histoire des enfants trouvés. Paris: Paulin; 1840. Remacle B-B. Des hospices d’enfans trouvés en Europe, et principalement en France, depuis leur origine jusqu’a nos jours. Paris: Treuttel et Würtz; 1838. p. 221, 357, 378. Hügel FS. Die Findelhäuser und das Findelwesen Europas. Wien: Sommer; 1863. Stahnke J. Skizzen zur Geschichte des russischen Findelhauswesens. Erläutert am St. Petersburger Erziehungshaus. Habilitationsschrift Uni Bonn: Würzburger Medizinhistorische Forschungen, Band 28. Pattensen/Hann: Horst Wellm Verlag; 1983. Ransel D. Mothers of misery: child abandonment in Russia. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 1988. Hunecke V. Die Findelkinder von Mailand. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta; 1987. Kertzer D. Sacrificed for honour. Italian infant abandonment and the politics of reproductive control. Boston: Beacon; 1993. Ulbricht O. The debate about foundling hospitals in enlightenment Germany: infanticide, illegitimacy, and infant mortality rates. Cent Eur Hist. 1985;18(3–4):211–56. Harper RF. The code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon, about 2250 B.C. ed 2. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1904. Plate LV-LVI. Obladen M. From right to sin: laws on infanticide in antiquity. Neonatology. 2016;109(1):56–61. Garrison FH. History of Pediatrics (1st ed 1923). In: Abt IA. A System of Pediatrics, Vol. I. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1965. p. 2. Aelianus C. Various History. Book 2 (Chapter 7). London: Thomas Dring; 1885. p. 31. Dupoux A. Sur les pas de monsieur Vincent. Paris: Revue de l'assistance publique; 1958. Vol. 4; p. 284–317. Seneca MA. Suasoriae, Controversiae, Declamationumque Excerpta. Book 5, Controversia XXXIII: Debilitans expositos. Amsterdam: Johannes Janssonius; 1632. p. 776. Loth A. Saint Vincent de Paul et sa mission sociale. Paris: Librairie de D. Dumoulin et Cie.; 1880. p. 185, 401. Constantine Imp. Codicis Theodosiani libri XVI. In: Jacobus Cviacus: Liber V, Tit. VII. Geneva: Johannes Arnold; 1586. p. 87. Fürstenthal AL, editor. Valentinian Imp.: Codex de infantibus expositis. Justin. Lib 8, Tit 52;2. In: Corpus Juris Civilis, Canonici et Germanici, Vol. 1. Berlin: Rücker; 1828. p. 686. Kaczynski BM. Some St. Gall glosses on Greek philanthropic nomenclature. Speculum. 1983;58(4):1008–17. Muratori LA. Fundatio, seu dotatio brephotrophii Sancti Salvatoris, facta a Datheo Archipresbytero Mediolanensis ecclesiae, anno 787. In: Antiquitates Italicae Medii Aevi. Vol. 3; p. col. 587–90. Udalricus Monachus Benedictinus. Antiquiores consuetudines Cluniacensis Monasterii (1082). In: d’Achery L. Spicilegium sive collectio veterum aliquot scriptorum. Paris: Montalant; 1723. Vol. 1; p. 641. Innocentius Tertius. Quam futurum regularem vitam professis in perpetuum, 1198. In: Magnum bullarium romanum, Vol. 1. Luxemburg: Andreas Chevalier; 1727. p. 58. Nicolaus Quartus. Sancti Spiritus in Saxia de Urbe, 1291. In: Magnum Bullarium Romanum, Tomus Primus. Vol. 1. col. 165. Helyot P. De l'Ordre du Saint-Esprit, appellé de Montpellier, en France; et in Sassia, en Italie. In: Histoire des Ordres Monastiques Religieux et Militaires. Paris: Joseph Derbais; 1714. Vol. 2; p. 199–202. Le Bras G. Les Ordres Religieux, la vie et l'art. Paris: Flammarion; 1980. Vol. 2; p. 697–709. Hamilton C, Grady SG. Of the laws respecting Lakeets, or Foundlings. In: The Hedaya, or guide: a commentary on the Mussulman Laws. Book X. ed 2, Vol. 2. London: H. Allen; 1870. p. 206–8. Zhang DD, Brecke P, Lee HF, He Y-QZJ, Zhang J. Global climate change, war, and population decline in recent human history. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104(49):19214–9. Boswell J. The kindness of Strangers. The abandonment of children in Western Europe from late antiquity to the Renaissance. New York: Pantheon Books; 1988. Pawlowsky V. Das “Aussetzen überlästiger und nachtheiliger Kinder.” Die Wiener Findelanstalt 1784–1910. Österr Zs Geschichtswiss. 2014;25:18–40. Rousseau JJ. The confessions (1st French ed. 1782). London: Reeves & Turner; 1861. p. 296. Brownlow J. The History and Design of the Foundling Hospital. With a memoir of the founder. London: W. & H.S. Warr; 1858. p. 40. Longus . Daphnis and Chloe, termed by the name of The Shepheards Holidaie. Translated by: Angell Daye. London: Robert Walde-Grave; 1597. p. 21. Robin I, Walch A. Les billets trouvés sur les enfants abandonnés a Paris aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. In: Boutry P, editor. Enfance abandonnée et société en Europe, XIV-XX siècle. Rome: Ecole Française de Rome; 1991. p. 981–91. Wakefield E. An account of Ireland, statistical and political. London: Longman and Co.; 1812. p. 426. Pawlowsky V. Mutter ledig - Vater Staat. Das Gebär- und Findelhaus in Wien 1784-1910. Innsbruck etc: Studien-Verlag; 2001. Pestalozzi JH. Über Gesetzgebung und Kindermord. Frankfurt and Leipzig: The author; 1783. Malthus TR. On the principle of population. London: Johnson; 1798. Raulin J. Von Erhaltung der Kinder von dem ersten Augenblick ihres Entstehens an bis zu ihrer Mannbarkeit (French ed. 1769). Leipzig: Crusius; 1769. Vol. 2; p. 225–8. Meissner CF. Zwo Abhandlungen über die Frage: Sind die Findelhäuser vorteilhaft oder schädlich? Göttingen: Dieterich; 1779. Article / Publication Details

First-Page Preview

Abstract of Sources of Neonatal Medicine

Received: August 02, 2022
Accepted: October 14, 2022
Published online: December 13, 2022

Number of Print Pages: 8
Number of Figures: 3
Number of Tables: 0

ISSN: 1661-7800 (Print)
eISSN: 1661-7819 (Online)

For additional information: https://www.karger.com/NEO

Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif