Chi AC, Day TA, Neville BW. Oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma—an update. CA Cancer J Clin. 2015;65(5):401–21. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21293.

Article  Google Scholar 

Togni L, Caponio VCA, Zerman N, et al. The emerging impact of tumor budding in oral squamous cell carcinoma: main issues and clinical relevance of a new prognostic marker. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14:3571. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14153571.

Article  Google Scholar 

Almangush A, Salo T, Hagström J, Leivo I. Tumour budding in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma—a systematic review. Histopathology. 2014;65:587–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/his.12471.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kale AD, Angadi PV. Tumor budding is a potential histopathological marker in the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: current status and future prospects. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2019;23:318–23. https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_331_19.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wang C, Huang H, Huang Z, et al. Tumor budding correlates with poor prognosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med. 2011;40:545–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2011.01041.x.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hong KO, Oh KY, Shin WJ, Yoon HJ, Lee JI, Hong SD. Tumor budding is associated with poor prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma and histologically represents an epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Hum Pathol. 2018;80:123–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2018.06.012.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ho YY, Wu TY, Cheng HC, Yang CC, Wu CH. The significance of tumor budding in oral cancer survival and its relevance to the eighth edition of the american Joint Committee on Cancer staging system. Head Neck. 2019;41:2991–3001. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.25780.

Article  Google Scholar 

Tammela T, Petrova TV, Alitalo K. Molecular lymphangiogenesis: new players. Trends Cell Biol. 2005;15:434–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2005.06.004.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ran S, Volk L, Hall K, Flister MJ. Lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in breast cancer. Pathophysiology. 2010;17:229–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathophys.2009.11.003.

Article  Google Scholar 

Miyahara M, Tanuma J, Sugihara K, Semba I. Tumor lymphangiogenesis correlates with lymph node metastasis and clinicopathologic parameters in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer. 2007;110:1287–94. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.22900.

Article  Google Scholar 

Longatto Filho A, Oliveira TG, Pinheiro C, et al. How useful is the assessment of lymphatic vascular density in oral carcinoma prognosis? World J Surg Oncol. 2007;5:140. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7819-5-140.

Article  Google Scholar 

Marinho VFZ, Sanches FSF, Rocha GFS, Metze K, Gobbi H. D2-40, a novel lymphatic endothelial marker: identification of lymphovascular invasion and relationship with axillary metastases in breast cancer. J Bras Patol Med Lab. 2008;44:45–50. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-24442008000100009.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhao D, Pan J, Li XQ, Wang XY, Tang C, Xuan M. Intratumoral lymphangiogenesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its clinicopathological significance. J Oral Pathol Med. 2008;37:616–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00707.x.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sugiura T, Inoue Y, Matsuki R, et al. VEGF-C and VEGF-D expression is correlated with lymphatic vessel density and lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma: implications for use as a prognostic marker. Int J Oncol. 2009;34:673–80. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo_00000193.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Alaeddini M, Etemad-Moghadam S. Lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in oral cavity and lower lip squamouscell carcinoma. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;82:385–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.06.008.

Article  Google Scholar 

Yan J, Jiang Y, Ye M, Liu W, Feng L. The clinical value of lymphatic vessel density, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression in patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Ther. 2014;10:C125-30. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.145827.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Tandon A, Sandhya K, Singh NN, Kumar A. Prognostic relevance of lymphatic vessel density in squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Head Neck Pathol. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12105-022-01474-1.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ugorski M, Dziegiel P, Suchanski J. Podoplanin—a small glycoprotein with many faces. Am J Cancer Res. 2016;6:370–86.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Yuan P, Temam S, El-Naggar A, et al. Overexpression of podoplanin in oral cancer and its association with poor clinical outcome. Cancer. 2006;107:563–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.22061.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cueni LN, Hegyi I, Shin JW, et al. Tumor lymphangiogenesis and metastasis to lymph nodes induced by cancer cell expression of podoplanin. Am J Pathol. 2010;177:1004–16. https://doi.org/10.2353/ajpath.2010.090703.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kreppel M, Scheer M, Drebber U, Ritter L, Zöller JE. Impact of podoplanin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma: clinical and histopathologic correlations. Virchows Arch. 2010;456:473–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-010-0915-7.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mello FW, Kammer PV, Silva CAB, et al. Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of podoplanin immunoexpression in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review. J Oral Pathol Med. 2021;50:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.13041.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Leão PLR, Marangon Junior H, Melo VVM, et al. Reproducibility, repeatability, and level of difficulty of two methods for tumor budding evaluation in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med. 2017;46:949–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.12578.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cicchetti DV, Sparrow SA. Developing criteria for establishing interrater reliability of specific items: applications to assessment of adaptive behavior. Am J Ment Defic. 1981;86:127–37.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Weidner N, Semple JP, Welch WR, Folkman J. Tumor angiogenesis and metastasis—correlation in invasive breast carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199101033240101.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lin NN, Wang P, Zhao D, Zhang FJ, Yang K, Chen R. Significance of oral cancer-associated fibroblasts in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and tumor invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med. 2017;46:21–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.12452.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

De Sousa SF, Gleber-Netto FO, de Oliveira-Neto HH, Batista AC, Nogueira Guimarães Abreu MH, de Aguiar MC. Lymphangiogenesis and podoplanin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma and the associated lymph nodes. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2012;20:588–94. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAI.0b013e31824bb3ea.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fidler IJ. The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: the seed and soil hypothesis revisited. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003;3:453–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc1098.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Faraji F, Eissenberg JC. Seed and soil: a conceptual framework of metastasis for clinicians. Mo Med. 2013;110:302–8.

Google Scholar 

Liu Q, Zhang H, Jiang X, Qian C, Liu Z, Luo D. Factors involved in cancer metastasis: a better understanding to “seed and soil” hypothesis. Mol Cancer. 2017;16:176. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-017-0742-4.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bartuli FN, Luciani F, Caddeo F, et al. Podoplanin in the development and progression of oral cavity cancer: a preliminary study. Oral Implantol (Rome). 2012;5:33–41.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Martín-Villar E, Scholl FG, Gamallo C, Yurrita MM, Muñoz-Guerra M, Cruces J, Quintanilla M. Characterization of human PA2.26 antigen (T1alpha-2, podoplanin), a small membrane mucin induced in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Int J Cancer. 2005;113:899–910. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.20656.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wicki A, Lehembre F, Wick N, Hantusch B, Kerjaschki D, Christofori G. Tumor invasion in the absence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition: podoplanin-mediated remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Cancer Cell. 2006;9:261–72.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Scholl FG, Gamallo C, Quintanilla M. Ectopic expression of PA2.26 antigen in epidermal keratinocytes leads to destabilization of adherens junctions and malignant progression. Lab Investig. 2000;80:1749–59.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Janardanan-Nair AGD, B R B. V. podoplanin expression in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017;9:e1418–24. https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.54213.

Article  Google Scholar 

Aiswarya A, Suresh R, Janardhanan M, Savithri V, Aravind T, Mathew L. An immunohistochemical evaluation of podoplanin expression in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma to explore its potential to be used as a predictor for malignant transformation. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2019;23:159. https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_272_17.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar