Zheng J, Yu H, Batur J et al (2021) A multicenter study to develop a non-invasive radiomic model to identify urinary infection stone in vivo using machine-learning. Kidney Int 100:870–880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2021.05.031

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Khan SR, Pearle MS, Robertson WG et al (2016) Kidney stones. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2:16008. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2016.8

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Knoll T, Schubert AB, Fahlenkamp D, Leusmann DB, Wendt-Nordahl G, Schubert G (2011) Urolithiasis through the ages: data on more than 200,000 urinary stone analyses. J Urol 185:1304–1311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2010.11.073

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Daudon M, Bouzidi H, Bazin D (2010) Composition and morphology of phosphate stones and their relation with etiology. Urol Res 38:459–467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-010-0320-3

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Türk C, Petřík A, Sarica K et al (2016) EAU guidelines on diagnosis and conservative management of urolithiasis. Eur Urol 69:468–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2015.07.040

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Marien T, Miller NL (2015) Treatment of the infected stone. Urol Clin North Am 42:459–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ucl.2015.05.009

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pearle MS, Goldfarb DS, Assimos DG et al (2014) Medical management of kidney stones: AUA guideline. J Urol 192:316–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2014.05.006

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aguilar-Gisbert L, Santos-Pérez de la Blanca R, Peña-Vallejo E (2021) Urinary stone imaging tests. Arch Esp Urol 74:24–34

PubMed  Google Scholar 

McCollough CH, Leng S, Yu L, Fletcher JG (2015) Dual- and multi-energy CT: principles, technical approaches, and clinical applications. Radiology 276:637–653. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2015142631

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nestler T, Nestler K, Neisius A et al (2019) Diagnostic accuracy of third-generation dual-source dual-energy CT: a prospective trial and protocol for clinical implementation. World J Urol 37:735–741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-018-2430-4

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li X, Wang LP, Yi W et al (2021) Revolution spectral CT for urinary stone with a single/mixed composition in vivo: a large sample analysis. World J Urol 39:3631–3642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-021-03597-6

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Goodsitt MM, Christotodoulou EG, Larson SC (2011) Accuracies of the synthesized monochromatic CT numbers and efective atomic numbers obtained with a rapid kVp switching dual energy CT scanner. Med Phys 38:2222–2232. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3567509

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rudenko V, Serova N, Kapanadze L et al (2020) Dual-energy computed tomography for stone type assessment: a pilot study of dual-energy computed tomography with five indices. J Endourol 34:893–899. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2020.0243

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xie Y, Zhang S, Liu J et al (2019) Value of CT spectral imaging in the diferential diagnosis of thymoma and mediastinal lymphom. Br J Radiol 92:20180598. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20180598

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Botsikas D, Hansen C, Stefanelli S et al (2014) Urinary stone detection and characterisation with dual-energy CT urography after furosemide intravenous injection: preliminary results. Eur Radiol 24:709–714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-013-3033-5

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rompsaithong U, Jongjitaree K, Korpraphong P et al (2019) Characterization of renal stone composition by using fast kilovoltage switching dual-energy computed tomography compared to laboratory stone analysis: a pilot study. Abdom Radiol 44:1027–1032. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-018-1787-6

Article  Google Scholar 

Jindal T, Mandal SN, Sonar P et al (2014) Analysis of urinary stone composition in Eastern India by X-ray diffraction crystallography. Adv Biomed Res 3:203. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.142313

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Menard O, Murez T, Bertrand J et al (2016) Epidemiology of urolithiasis in South of France: a retrospective monocentric study. Prog Urol 26:339–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.purol.2016.04.005

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Tailly T, Larish Y, Nadeau B et al (2016) Combining mean and standard deviation of Hounsfeld unit measurements from preoperative CT allows more accurate prediction of urinary stone composition than mean Hounsfield units alone. J Endourol 30:453–459. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2015.0209

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cannella R, Shahait M, Furlan A et al (2020) Efficacy of single-source rapid kV-switching dual-energy CT for characterization of non-uric acid renal stones: a prospective ex vivo study using anthropomorphic phantom. Abdom Radiol 45:1092–1099. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-019-02164-3

Article  Google Scholar 

Scales CD Jr, Tasian GE, Schwaderer AL et al (2016) Urinary stone disease: advancing knowledge, patient care, and population health. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 11:1305–1312. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.13251215

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cracco CM, Scoffone CM, Scarpa RM (2011) New developments in percutaneous techniques for simple and complex branched renal stones. Curr Opin Urol 21:154–160. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOU.0b013e3283436d32

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dessombz A, Letavernier E, Haymann JP et al (2015) Calcium phosphate stone morphology can reliably predict distal renal tubular acidosis. J Urol 193:1564–1569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2014.12.017

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Rimer JD, Sakhaee K, Maalouf NM (2019) Citrate therapy for calcium phosphate stones. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 28:130–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2014.12.017

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Williams JC Jr, Borofsky MS, Bledsoe SB et al (2018) Papillary ductal plugging is a mechanism for early stone retention in brushite stone disease. J Urol 199:186–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2017.08.063

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Parkhomenko E, De Fazio A, Tran T et al (2017) A multi-institutional study of struvite stones: patterns of infection and colonization. J Endourol 31:533–537. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2016.0885

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Danilovic A, Ferreira TAC, Gomes SA et al (2021) Metabolic assessment in pure struvite stones formers: is it necessary? J Bras Nefrol 43:200–206. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2020-0106

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Das P, Gupta G, Velu V et al (2017) Formation of struvite urinary stones and approaches towards the inhibition-A review. Biomed Pharmacother 96:361–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.015

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ma RH, Luo XB, Li Q, Zhong HQ (2018) Systemic analysis of urinary stones from the Northern, Eastern, Central, Southern and Southwest China by a multi-center study. BMC Urol 18:114. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-018-0428-2

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar