In a retrospective study published in BMC Urology, the diagnostic value of a non-invasive urinary assay based on nanotechnology-mediated enrichment of urinary exfoliated cells (UTC assay) was assessed in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Voided urine specimens from patients with UTUC or healthy individuals were analysed through UTC or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). UTC assay outperformed FISH in terms of sensitivity, especially in the detection of low-grade and non-muscle-invasive UTUC, suggesting that this assay might improve diagnosis of early-stage UTUC.