Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, and Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen, China, and Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (X.S.)

Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and Tulane University Translational Science Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.H., C.S.C., K.O.)

Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, and Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, and Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen, China (M.L., C.L., B.Y., H.S., C.W., F.X., P.H., L.W., Y.H., M.Z., S.Y., X.L.)

Epidemiology Research Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (Z.L.)

Department of Health Policy and Management, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (L.S.)

Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (W.L.)

Xiamen Municipal Health Commission, Xiamen, China (G.Y.)

Disclaimer: The corresponding authors had full access to all data and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.

Acknowledgment: The authors thank the providers, health coaches, clinical staff members, and participants at all 38 CHCs for their support throughout the study. They thank Dr. Hua He for statistical analysis advice.

Financial Support: By Xiamen Municipal Health Commission, Xiamen, China. The U.S. investigators did not receive any financial support from this study.

Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M22-1950.

Data Sharing Statement: The following data will be made available beginning 23 July 2024: deidentified participant data and data dictionary. The following supporting documents will be made available with publication: statistical/analytic code and informed consent form. Study data can be shared with qualifying researchers who submit a proposal with a valuable research question as assessed by the study steering committee. A data access agreement may be required. Requests should be directed to Dr. Li (e-mail, [email protected]com) or Dr. He (e-mail, [email protected]edu).

Corresponding Authors: Xuejun Li, MD, PhD, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China (e-mail, [email protected]com); and Jiang He, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA 70112 (e-mail, [email protected]edu).

Author Contributions: Conception and design: J. He, X. Li, Z. Li, X. Shi, S. Yang, G. Yao.

Analysis and interpretation of the data: C.S. Chen, J. He, X. Li, L. Shi.

Drafting of the article: J. He, K. Obst, X. Shi.

Critical revision for important intellectual content: J. He, X. Li, Z. Li, L. Shi, X. Shi, S. Yang.

Final approval of the article: C.S. Chen, J. He, P. Huang, Y. Huang, W. Li, X. Li, Z. Li, M. Lin, C. Liu, K. Obst, L. Shi, X. Shi, H. Song, C. Wang, L. Wang, F. Xiao, B. Yan, S. Yang, G. Yao, M. Zhang.

Provision of study materials or patients: P. Huang, Y. Huang, W. Li, X. Li, M. Lin, C. Liu, X. Shi, H. Song, C. Wang, L. Wang, F. Xiao, B. Yan, M. Zhang.

Statistical expertise: C.S. Chen, J. He.

Obtaining of funding: X. Li, G. Yao.

Administrative, technical, or logistic support: J. He, X. Li, Z. Li, X. Shi.

Collection and assembly of data: J. He, P. Huang, Y. Huang, W. Li, M. Lin, C. Liu, X. Shi, H. Song, C. Wang, L. Wang, F. Xiao, B. Yan, M. Zhang.

This article was published at Annals.org on 6 December 2022.

* Drs. Xiulin Shi, Jiang He, and Xuejun Li contributed equally to this work.