1Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

2National University of Ireland Galway, School of Medicine, and National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, Galway, Ireland.

3Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

4Research Institute Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine, Mechelen, Belgium.

5Biomedical Sciences Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

†Joint first authors.