Kirici DO, Koc S. Middle distal canal of mandibular first molar: a case report and literature review. Niger J Clin Pract. 2019;22(2):285–288.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gok T, Capar ID, Akcay I, Keles A. Evaluation of different techniques for filling simulated C-shaped canals of 3-dimensional printed resin teeth. J Endod. 2017;43(9):1559–1564.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saghiri MA, Karamifar K, Nath D, Gutmann JL, Sheibani N. A Novel polyurethane expandable root canal sealer. J Endod. 2021;47(4):612–620.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang R, Tian J, Huang X, Lei S, Cai Y, Xu Z, Wei X. A comparative study of dentinal tubule penetration and the retreatability of EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow, iRoot SP, and AH Plus with different obturation techniques. Clin Oral Investig. 2021;25(6):4163–4173.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Keskin G, Çiloğlu M. Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and Er, Cr:YSGG laser-activated irrigation on dentinal tubule penetration of MTA-based root canal sealer: a confocal microscopy study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2021;36: 102584.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Elbahary S, Haj-Yahya S, Khawalid M, Tsesis I, Rosen E, Habashi W, Pokhojaev A, Sarig R. Effects of different irrigation protocols on dentin surfaces as revealed through quantitative 3D surface texture analysis. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):22073.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Washio A, Morotomi T, Yoshii S, Kitamura C. Bioactive Glass-Based Endodontic Sealer as a Promising Root Canal Filling Material without Semisolid Core Materials. Materials (Basel) 2019;12(23):3967

Baras BH, Sun J, Melo MAS, Tay FR, Oates TW, Zhang K, Weir MD, Xu HHK. Novel root canal sealer with dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate, nano-silver and nano-calcium phosphate to kill bacteria inside root dentin and increase dentin hardness. Dent Mater. 2019;35(10):1479–1489.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vadachkoria O, Mamaladze M, Jalabadze N, Chumburidze T, Chipashvili N. Efficiency of chelating irrigation agents for removing a lubricated dentin layer of root canal. Georgian Med News. 2019;289:25–29.

Google Scholar 

Bolles JA, He J, Svoboda KK, Schneiderman E, Glickman GN. Comparison of Vibringe, EndoActivator, and needle irrigation on sealer penetration in extracted human teeth. J Endod. 2013;39(5):708–711.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nielsen BA, Craig Baumgartner J. Comparison of the EndoVac system to needle irrigation of root canals. J Endod. 2007;33(5):611–615.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pacheco Plaza MC, Kessler Nieto F, Orts Rodríguez MT. Ruiz de Temiño Malo P: [Ultrasonics in endodontics: mechanism of action]. Rev Esp Endodoncia. 1989;7(1):7–12.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gu LS, Kim JR, Ling J, Choi KK, Pashley DH, Tay FR. Review of contemporary irrigant agitation techniques and devices. J Endod. 2009;35(6):791–804.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cheung AWT, Lee AHC, Cheung GSP. Clinical efficacy of activated irrigation in endodontics: a focused review. Restor Dent Endod. 2021;46(1): e10.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Senia ES, Marshall FJ, Rosen S. The solvent action of sodium hypochlorite on pulp tissue of extracted teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1971;31(1):96–103.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ramamoorthi S, Nivedhitha MS, Divyanand MJ. Comparative evaluation of postoperative pain after using endodontic needle and EndoActivator during root canal irrigation: a randomised controlled trial. Aust Endod J. 2015;41(2):78–87.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Uğur Aydin Z, Koşumcu S, Meşeci B. Effect of different irrigation activation techniques on sealer penetration: a confocal laser microscopy study. Chin J Dent Res. 2021;24(2):113–118.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Oliveira KV, Silva BMD, Leonardi DP, Crozeta BM, Sousa-Neto MD, Baratto-Filho F, Gabardo MCL. Effectiveness of different final irrigation techniques and placement of endodontic sealer into dentinal tubules. Braz Oral Res. 2017;31: e114.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ismail P, Ahamed S, Sabiha P, Chandra SM, Moosani G, Nagalakshmi RS, Upendranatha RN, Sumanthi C. Comparison of sealer penetration by using different irrigation techniques—an in-vitro study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10:Zc50–Zc53.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Virdee SS, Seymour DW, Farnell D, Bhamra G, Bhakta S. Efficacy of irrigant activation techniques in removing intracanal smear layer and debris from mature permanent teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Endod J. 2018;51(6):605–621.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McGrath S, Zhao X, Steele R, Thombs BD, Benedetti A. Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from commonly reported quantiles in meta-analysis. Stat Methods Med Res. 2020;29(9):2520–2537.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

de Souza MF, Rosatto CMP, Cunha TC, Vidigal MTC, Blumenberg C, Paranhos LR, Moura CCG. Influence of chelating solutions on tubular dentin sealer penetration: a systematic review with network meta-analysis. Aust Endod J. 2021;47(3):715–730.

Article  Google Scholar 

Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Alonso-Coello P, Schünemann HJ. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008;336(7650):924–926.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ateş AA, Arıcan B, Çiftçioğlu E, Küçükay ES. Influence of different irrigation regimens on the dentinal tubule penetration of a bioceramic-based root canal sealer: a confocal analysis study. Lasers Med Sci. 2021;36(8):1771–1777.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bharti R, Tikku AP, Chandra A, Shakya VK, Yadav S. Depth and percentage of resin-based sealer penetration inside the dentinal tubules using EndoVac, EndoActivator, Navi tip FX irrigation system: a confocal laser scanning microscope study. J Conserv Dent. 2018;21(2):216–220.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ch T, Shaik I, Khan MM, Parvekar P, Mirza MB, Mustafa M, Tiwari H. The sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules: an appraisal of different irrigation systems: original research. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2021;13(Suppl 2):S1280-S1285.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Generali L, Cavani F, Serena V, Pettenati C, Righi E, Bertoldi C. Effect of different irrigation systems on sealer penetration into dentinal tubules. J Endod. 2017;43(4):652–656.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Machado R, Cruz ATG, de Araujo BMM, Klemz AA, Klug HP, da Silva Neto UX. Tubular dentin sealer penetration after different final irrigation protocols: a confocal laser scanning microscopy study. Microsc Res Tech. 2018;81(6):649–654.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yilmaz A, Yalcin TY, Helvacioglu-Yigit D. Effectiveness of various final irrigation techniques on sealer penetration in curved roots: a confocal laser scanning microscopy study. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:8060489.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Akcay M, Arslan H, Mese M, Durmus N, Capar ID. Effect of photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming, passive ultrasonic, and sonic irrigation techniques on dentinal tubule penetration of irrigation solution: a confocal microscopic study. Clin Oral Invest. 2017;21(7):2205–2212.

Article  Google Scholar 

Moon YM, Kim HC, Bae KS, Baek SH, Shon WJ, Lee W. Effect of laser-activated irrigation of 1320-nanometer Nd:YAG laser on sealer penetration in curved root canals. J Endod. 2012;38(4):531–535.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vo K, Daniel J, Ahn C, Primus C, Komabayashi T. Coronal and apical leakage among five endodontic sealers. J Oral Sci. 2022;64(1):95–98.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ozasir T, Eren B, Gulsahi K, Ungor M. The effect of different final irrigation regimens on the dentinal tubule penetration of three different root canal sealers: a confocal laser scanning microscopy study in vitro. Scanning. 2021;2021:8726388.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Emmanuel S, Shantaram K, Sushil KC, Manoj L. An in-vitro evaluation and comparison of apical sealing ability of three different obturation technique - lateral condensation, Obtura II, and Thermafil. J Int Oral Health. 2013;5(2):35–43.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Özdemir O, Koçak S, Hazar E, Sağlam BC, Coşkun E, Koçak MM. Dentinal tubule penetration of gutta-percha with syringe-mix resin sealer using different obturation techniques: a confocal laser scanning microscopy study. Aust Endod J. 2022;48(2):258–265.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mjör IA, Smith MR, Ferrari M, Mannocci F. The structure of dentine in the apical region of human teeth. Int Endod J. 2001;34(5):346–353.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Coronas VS, Villa N, Nascimento ALD, Duarte PHM, Rosa RAD, Só MVR. Dentinal tubule penetration of a calcium silicate-based root canal sealer using a specific calcium fluorophore. Braz Dent J. 2020;31(2):109–115.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mendes AT, Silva PBD, Só BB, Hashizume LN, Vivan RR, Rosa RAD, Duarte MAH, Só MVR. Evaluation of physicochemical properties of new calcium silicate-based sealer. Braz Dent J. 2018;29(6):536–540.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Liu S, Dong Y. In vitro study of dentinal tubule penetration and filling quality of bioceramic sealer. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(2): e0192248.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Agarwal A, Deore RB, Rudagi K, Nanda Z, Baig MO, Fareez MA. Evaluation of apical vapor lock formation and comparative evaluation of its elimination using three different techniques: an in vitro study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2017;18(9):790–794.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Urban K, Donnermeyer D, Schäfer E, Bürklein S. Canal cleanliness using different irrigation activation systems: a SEM evaluation. Clin Oral Investig. 20