Possible Correlation between Giardia duodenalis Genotypes and Fecal Calprotectin in Children with Diarrhea

1. Ryan U, Cacciò SM. Zoonotic potential of Giardia. Int J Parasitol. 2013; 43: 943–56.
2. Feng, Y, Xiao L. Zoonotic potential and molecular epidemiology of Giardia species and giardiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2011; 24: 110–40.
3. Xiao L, Feng Y. Molecular epidemiologic tools for waterborne pathogens Cryptospor-idium spp. and Giardia duodenalis. Food Wa-terborne Parasitol. 2017; 8–9:14–32.
4. Franzén O, Jerlström-Hultqvist J, Castro E et al. Draft genome sequencing of Giardia intestinalis assemblage B isolate GS: is hu-man Giardiasis caused by two different species? PLoS Pathog. 2009;5(8):e1000560.
5. Puebla LJ, Núñez FA, Fernández YA et al. Correlation of Giardia duodenalis assemblag-es with clinical and epidemiological data in Cuban children. Infect Genet Evol. 2014;23:7-12.
6. Choy SH, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Mahdy MA et al. Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Giardia Infection among Indigenous Communities in Rural Malaysia. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6909.
7. Solaymani-Mohammadi S, Singer SM. Host immunity and pathogen strain con-tribute to intestinal disaccharidase impair-ment following a gut infection. J Immunol. 2011;187:3769–75.
8. Cotton JA, Beatty JK, Buret AG. Host-parasite interactions and pathophysiology in Giardia infections. Int J Parasitol. 2011;41:925–33.
9. Robertson LJ, Hanevik K, Escobedo AA et al. Giardiasis—Why do the symptoms sometimes never stop?. Trends Parasitol. 2010;26:75–82.
10. Bartelt LA, Sartor RB. Advances in under-standing Giardia: determinants and mech-anisms of chronic sequelae. F1000Prime Rep. 2015;7:62.
11. Hanevik K, Hausken T, Morken MH et al. Persisting symptoms and duodenal in-flammation related to Giardia duodenalis in-fection. J Infect. 2007;55(6):524-30.
12. Kolho KL, Alfthan H. Concentration of fecal calprotectin in 11,255 children aged 0-18 years. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2020;55(9):1024-27.
13. Salman YJ, Ali CHE, Abdul-Razaq AA. Fecal Calprotectin among patients infected with some protozoan infections.Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2017;6(6): 3258-74.
14. Jeong SJ. The role of fecal calprotectin in pediatric disease. Korean J Pediatr. 2019;62(8):287-91.
15. Bustinduy AL, Sousa-Figueiredo JC, Adri-ko M et al. Fecal occult blood and fecal calprotectin as point-of-care markers of intestinal morbidity in Ugandan children with Schistosoma mansoni infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(11):e2542.
16. Lalle M, Pozio E, Capelli G et al. Genetic heterogeneity at the beta-giardin locus among human and animal isolates of Giardia duodenalis and identification of potentially zoonotic subgenotypes. Int J Parasitol. 2005; 35 (2): 207-13.
17. Caccio SM, De Giacomo M, Pozio E. Sequence analysis of the beta-giardin gene and development of a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay to genotype Giardia duodenalis cysts from human faecal samples. Int J Parasitol. 2002; 32 (8): 1023-30.
18. Mumolo MG, Bertani L, Ceccarelli L et al. From bench to bedside: Fecal calprotectin in inflammatory bowel diseases clinical set-ting. World J Gastroenterol. 2018;24(33):3681-94.
19. D'Angelo F, Felley C, Frossard J L. Cal-protectin in Daily Practice: Where Do We Stand in 2017?. Digestion. 2017; 95: 293-301.
20. Carroccio A, Iacono G, Cottone M et al. Diagnostic accuracy of fecal calprotectin assay in distinguishing organic causes of chronic diarrhea from irritable bowel syn-drome: a prospective study in adults and children. Clin Chem. 2003;49 (6 Pt 1):861-7.
21. Chen CC, Huang JL, Chang CJ et al. Fecal Calprotectin as a correlative marker in clin-ical severity of infectious diarrhea and use-fulness in evaluating bacterial or viral path-ogens in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012; 55(5): 541-7.
22. Opintan JA, Newman MJ, Ayeh-Kumi PF et al. Pediatric diarrhea in southern Ghana: etiology and association with intestinal inflammation and malnutrition. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010;83(4):936-43.
23. Kohli A, Bushen OY, Pinkerton RC et al. Giardia duodenalis assemblage, clinical presentation and markers of intestinal inflammation in Brazilian children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008;102(7):718-25.
24. Melissa Shapiro M, Shah N, Sehgal S. Se-verely Elevated Fecal Calprotectin in A Pe-diatric Patient with Persistent Giardiasis. Acad J Gastroenterol & Hepatol. 2021; 2(4).
25. Roxström-Lindquist K, Palm D, Reiner D et al. Giardia immunity--an update. Trends Parasitol. 2006; 22(1):26‐31.
26. Adeyemo FE, Singh G, Reddy P et al. Methods for the detection of Cryptosporidi-um and Giardia: from microscopy to nucle-ic acid-based tools in clinical and envi-ronmental regimes. Acta Trop. 2018; 184:15–28.
27. Wilke H, Robertson LJ. Preservation of Giardia cysts in stool samples for subse-quent PCR analysis. J Microbiol Methods. 2009; 78(3): 292–6.
28. Foronda P, Bargues MD, Abreu-Acosta N et al. Identification of genotypes Giardia in-testinalis of human isolates in Egypt. Parasi-tol Res. 2008;103:1177–81.
29. Taha S, Abd Al Aal Z, Saleh Z et al. Giar-dia intestinalis assemblages among Egyptian symptomatic children: Prevalence and sea-sonal distribution in Cairo, Egypt. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2018; 48:661–8.
30. Al-Mohammed HI. Genotypes of Giardia intestinalis clinical isolates of gastrointestinal symptomatic and asymptomatic Saudi children. Parasitol Res. 2011; 108:1375-81.
31. Sarkari B, Ashrafmansori A, Hatam GR et al. Genotyping of Giardia lamblia isolates from human in southern Iran. Trop Bio-med. 2012; 29:366-71.
32. Al-Yousefi NA, Mahdy MA, Xiao L et al. Molecular characterization of Giardia duode-nalis in Yemen. Exp Parasitol. 2013; 134 (2):141-7.
33. Aydin AF, Besirbellioglu BA, Avci IY et al. Classification of Giardia duodenalis parasites in Turkey into Groups A and B using re-striction fragment length polymorphism. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2004; 50:147–51.
34. Homan W, Mank T. Human giardiasis: genotype linked differences in clinical symptomatology. Int J Parasitol. 2001; 31:822–6.
35. George CM, Burrowes V, Perin J et al. Enteric Infections in Young Children are Associated with Environmental Enteropathy and Impaired Growth. Trop Med Int Health. 2018; 23(1):26‐33.
36. Jha AK, Chaudhary M, Dayal VM et al. Optimal cut‐off value of fecal calprotectin for the evaluation of ulcerative colitis: An unsolved issue?. JGH Open. 2018;2(5):207-13.
37. Banerjee A, Srinivas M, Eyre R et al. Faecal Calprotectin for differentiating between ir-ritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease: a useful screen in daily gas-troenterology practice. Frontline Gastroen-terol. 2015; 6(1): 20–26.
38. Campbell DI, McPhail G, Lunn PG et al. Intestinal inflammation measured by fecal neopterin in Gambian children with enteropathy: association with growth failure, Giardia lamblia, and intestinal permeability. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2004; 39(2):153‐7.
39. Cotton JA, Motta JP, Schenck LP et al. Giardia duodenalis infection reduces granulocyte infiltration in an in vivo model of bacterial toxin-induced colitis and attenuates inflammation in human intestinal tissue. PLoS One. 2014;9(10):e109087.

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif