Humor Styles Are Related to Loneliness Across 15 Countries

Julie Aitken Schermer

Management and Organizational Studies, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada

Radosław Rogoza

Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland

Marija Branković

Department of Psychology, Faculty of Media and Communications, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia

Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios

Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Section of Safety and Security Science, Delft, The Netherlands

Tatiana Volkodav

Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Kuban State University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation

Truong Thi Khanh Ha

Faculty of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam

Maria Magdalena Kwiatkowska

Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland

Eva Papazova

Institute for Research in Education, Sofia, Bulgaria

Joonha Park

School of Management, NUCB Business School, Nagoya, Japan

Christopher Marcin Kowalski

Management and Organizational Studies, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada

Marta Doroszuk

Centre for Social Cognitive Studies, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland

Dzintra Iliško

Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, Center of Sustainable Education, University of Daugavpils, Daugavpils, Latvia

Sadia Malik

Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

Samuel Lins

Laboratory of Social Psychology, Center for Psychology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Ginés Navarro-Carrillo

Department of Psychology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain

Jorge Torres-Marín

Department of Research Methods in Behavioral Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain

Anna Wlodarczyk

Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile

Sibele D. Aquino

Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Georg Krammer

Institute for Educational Sciences, University College of Teacher Education Styria, Graz, Austria

Abstract

The relationships between self-report loneliness and the four humor styles of affiliative, aggressive, self-defeating, and self-enhancing were investigated in 15 countries (N = 4,701). Because loneliness has been suggested to be both commonly experienced and detrimental, we examine if there are similar patterns between humor styles, gender, and age with loneliness in samples of individuals from diverse backgrounds. Across the country samples, affiliative and self-enhancing humor styles negatively correlated with loneliness, self-defeating was positively correlated, and the aggressive humor style was not significantly related. In predicting loneliness, 40.5% of the variance could be accounted. Younger females with lower affiliative, lower self-enhancing, and higher self-defeating humor style scores had higher loneliness scores. The results suggest that although national mean differences may be present, the pattern of relationships between humor styles and loneliness is consistent across these diverse samples, providing some suggestions for mental health promotion among lonely individuals.

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