As an alternative anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), LiVO3 has shown great potential. In order to fully reveal its potential for lithium storage, herein, we introduce low-cost oxalic acid as a carbon source to construct LiVO3/C core-shell structure. Employed as LIB anodes, the high reversible specific capacity of the LiVO3/C reaches 776.0 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles at 0.2 A g-1. Furthermore, during 5 periods rate testing at various current densities (0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 A g-1), an average capacity of the LiVO3/C electrode was 365.8 mAh g-1 at 5.0 A g-1 and still resumes high discharge capacity of 569.0 mAh g-1, when the current is back to 0.2 A g-1. Impressively, the LiVO3/C anode presents unprecedented high-rate long cycling performance of 205.0 mAh g-1 at 10.0 A g-1 after 2000 cycles. The unprecedented lithium storage ability is attributed to the unique core-shell structure, in which the all-around C encapsulation provides rich interface, enhances the electron conductivity and structural consistency of the LiVO3/C electrode. Moreover, the adaptive reaction dynamics of the LiVO3/C electrode, that is, the gradually increasing pseudocapacitance contribution and decreasing charge transfer impedance upon the cycling, is the intrinsic driver of the excellent rate performance. This work promotes the further development of LiVO3 anode materials.