Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Novel Immunotherapy Approaches for Breast Cancer

Prestwich RJ, Errington F, Hatfield P, Merrick AE, Ilett EJ, Selby PJ, et al. The Immune system - is it relevant to cancer development, progression and treatment? Clin Oncol. 2008;20(2):101–12.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Allard B, Aspeslagh S, Garaud S, Dupont FA, Solinas C, Kok M, et al. Immuno-oncology-101: overview of major concepts and translational perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol. 2018;1(52):1–11.

Article  Google Scholar 

Michielin O, Van Akkooi ACJ, Ascierto PA, Dummer R, Keilholz U. Cutaneous melanoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2019;30(12):1884–901.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Planchard D, Popat S, Kerr K, Novello S, Smit EF, Faivre-Finn C, et al. Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2018;29:iv192–237. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdy275.

Parry RV, Chemnitz JM, Frauwirth KA, Lanfranco AR, Braunstein I, Kobayashi SV, et al. CTLA-4 and PD-1 receptors inhibit T-cell activation by distinct mechanisms. Mol Cell Biol. 2005;25(21):9543–53.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dong H, Strome SE, Salomao DR, Tamura H, Hirano F, Flies DB, et al. Tumor-associated B7–H1 promotes T-cell apoptosis: a potential mechanism of immune evasion. Nat Med. 2002;8(8):793–800.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mittendorf EA, Philips AV, Meric-Bernstam F, Qiao N, Wu Y, Harrington S, et al. PD-L1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Res. 2014;2:361–70. https://doi.org/10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-13-0127.

de Melo Gagliato D, Buzaid AC, Perez-Garcia J, Cortes J. Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer: Current practice and clinical challenges. BioDrugs. 2020;34(5):611–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40259-020-00436-9.

Nanda R, Chow LQM, Dees EC, Berger R, Gupta S, Geva R, et al. Pembrolizumab in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer: phase Ib KEYNOTE-012 study. J Clin Oncol [Internet]. 2016 Jul 20 [cited 2022 Mar 5];34(21):2460–7. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.sire.ub.edu/27138582/.

Adams S, Schmid P, Rugo HS, Winer EP, Loirat D, Awada A et al. Pembrolizumab monotherapy for previously treated metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: cohort A of the phase II KEYNOTE-086 study. Ann Oncol [Internet]. 2019 Mar 1 [cited 2022 Mar 5];30(3):397–404. Available from: http://www.annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923753419310750/fulltext.

Dirix LY, Takacs I, Jerusalem G, Nikolinakos P, Arkenau HT, Forero-Torres A et al. Avelumab, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, in patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer: a phase 1b JAVELIN Solid Tumor study. Breast Cancer Res Treat [Internet]. 2018 Oct 23 [cited 2022 Mar 5];167(3):671–86. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.sire.ub.edu/29063313/.

Emens LA, Cruz C, Eder JP, Braiteh F, Chung C, Tolaney SM et al. Long-term clinical outcomes and biomarker analyses of atezolizumab therapy for patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a phase 1 study. JAMA Oncol [Internet]. 2019 Jan 1 [cited 2022 Mar 5];5(1):74–82. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.sire.ub.edu/30242306/.

Bailly C, Thuru X, Quesnel B. Combined cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunotherapy of cancer: modern times. NAR cancer [Internet]. 2020 Mar 1 [cited 2022 Mar 2];2(1). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34316682/.

Loibl S, Untch M, Burchardi N, Huober J, Sinn B V., Blohmer JU et al. A randomised phase II study investigating durvalumab in addition to an anthracycline taxane-based neoadjuvant therapy in early triple-negative breast cancer: clinical results and biomarker analysis of GeparNuevo study. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol [Internet]. 2019 Aug 1 [cited 2022 May 2];30(8):1279–88. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31095287/.

Nanda R, Liu MC, Yau C, Shatsky R, Pusztai L, Wallace A, et al. Effect of pembrolizumab plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy on pathologic complete response in women with early-stage breast cancer: an analysis of the ongoing phase 2 adaptively randomized I-SPY2 trial: an analysis of the ongoing phase 2 adaptively randomized I-SPY2 trial. JAMA Oncol. 2020;6:676–84. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.6650.

•• Schmid P, Cortes J, Pusztai L, McArthur H, Kümmel S, Bergh J, et al. Pembrolizumab for early triple-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2020 Feb 27 [cited 2022 Mar 12];382(9):810–21. Available from: https://www.nejm.org/doi/https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1910549. KEYNOTE-522 is the largest trial in early TNBC which led to the first regulatory approval of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in early-stage breast cancer.

• Schmid P, Cortes J, Dent R, Pusztai L, McArthur H, Kümmel S et al. VP7–2021: KEYNOTE-522: Phase III study of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab + chemotherapy vs. placebo + chemotherapy, followed by adjuvant pembrolizumab vs. placebo for early-stage TNBC. Ann Oncol [Internet]. 2021 Sep 1 [cited 2022 Mar 12];32(9):1198–200. Available from: http://www.annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923753421020639/fulltext. Survival data of KEYNOTE-522, being positive for event-free survival, distant recurrence–free survival, and favorable trend for overall survival.

•• Mittendorf EA, Zhang H, Barrios CH, Saji S, Jung KH, Hegg R, et al. Neoadjuvant atezolizumab in combination with sequential nab-paclitaxel and anthracycline-based chemotherapy versus placebo and chemotherapy in patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (IMpassion031): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet [Internet]. 2020 Oct 10 [cited 2022 Mar 7];396(10257):1090–100. Available from: http://www.thelancet.com.sire.ub.edu/article/S014067362031953X/fulltext. IMpassion031 is a phase III trial in early TNBC with atezolizumab plus chemotherapy neoadjuvant, a higher pCR rate with atezolizumab was obtained, highlighting benefit in both the positive and negative PDL1 groups.

Gianni L, Huang CS, Egle D, Bermejo B, Zamagni C, Thill M et al. Pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant treatment with or without atezolizumab in triple negative, early high-risk and locally advanced breast cancer. NeoTRIP Michelangelo randomized study. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol [Internet]. 2022 Feb [cited 2022 Mar 12]; Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.sire.ub.edu/35182721/.

Adams S, Loi S, Toppmeyer D, Cescon DW, De Laurentiis M, Nanda R, et al. Pembrolizumab monotherapy for previously untreated, PD-L1-positive, metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: cohort B of the phase II KEYNOTE-086 study. Ann Oncol [Internet]. 2019 Mar 1 [cited 2022 Mar 5];30(3):405–11. Available from: http://www.annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923753419310762/fulltext.

Tolaney SM, Kalinsky K, Kaklamani VG, D’Adamo DR, Aktan G, Tsai ML et al. A phase Ib/II study of eribulin (ERI) plus pembrolizumab (PEMBRO) in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) (ENHANCE 1). https://doi-org.sire.ub.edu/101200/JCO20203815_suppl1015. 2020 May 25;38(15_suppl):1015–1015.

•• Schmid P, Adams S, Rugo HS, Schneeweiss A, Barrios CH, Iwata H, et al. Atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel in advanced triple-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2018 Nov 29 [cited 2022 Apr 5];379(22):2108–21. Available from: https://www-nejm-org.sire.ub.edu/doi/full/https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1809615. Phase III trial IMpassion130 tested atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel in first line in metastatic TNBC, prolonged progression-free survival among patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer in both the intention-to-treat population and the PD-L1-positive subgroup.

• Emens LA, Adams S, Barrios CH, Diéras V, Iwata H, Loi S, et al. First-line atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel for unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: IMpassion130 final overall survival analysis. Ann Oncol. 2021;32(8):983–93. Overall survival analysis of IMpassion130 trial, although the OS benefit in the ITT population was not statistically significant, clinically meaningful OS benefit was observed in PD-L1 positive patients treated with atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

• Miles D, Gligorov J, André F, Cameron D, Schneeweiss A, Barrios C, et al. Primary results from IMpassion131, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised phase III trial of first-line paclitaxel with or without atezolizumab for unresectable locally advanced/metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2021;32(8):994–1004. Impassion131 was a negative phase III trial that evaluated first-line atezolizumab-paclitaxel in advanced TNBC, creating controversy by having a design similar to the IMpassion130 with contradictory results.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

•• Cortes J, Cescon DW, Rugo HS, Nowecki Z, Im SA, Yusof MM et al. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy for previously untreated locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (KEYNOTE-355): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 clinical trial. Lancet (London, England) [Internet]. 2020 Dec 5 [cited 2022 Apr 26];396(10265):1817–28. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33278935/. KEYNOTE-355 was a phase 3 trial in advanced or metastatic TNBC, prove that adding pembrolizumab to first-line chemotherapy (nab-paclitaxel; paclitaxel; or gemcitabine plus carboplatin) improvement in progression-free survival among patients with CPS of 10 or more.

Adams S, Diamond JR, Hamilton E, Pohlmann PR, Tolaney SM, Chang C-W et al. Atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel in the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer with 2-year survival follow-up a phase 1b clinical trial supplemental content. JAMA Oncol [Internet]. 2019;5(3):334–42. Available from: https://jamanetwork.com/.

Emens LA, Molinero L, Loi S, Rugo HS, Schneeweiss A, Diéras V et al. Atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel in advanced triple-negative breast cancer: biomarker evaluation of the IMpassion130 study. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst [Internet]. 2021 Aug 2 [cited 2022 Apr 30];113(8):1005–16. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/jnci/article/113/8/1005/6125365.

Ozaki Y, Mukohara T, Tsurutani J, Takahashi M, Matsumoto K, Futamura M, et al. Abstract PD1–03: a multicenter phase II study evaluating the efficacy of nivolumab plus paclitaxel plus bevacizumab triple-combination therapy as a first-line treatment in patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer: WJOG9917B NEWBEAT trial. Cancer Res [Internet]. 2020 Feb 15 [cited 2022 Apr 6];80(4_Supplement):PD1–03. Available from: https://aacrjournals-org.sire.ub.edu/cancerres/article/80/4_Supplement/PD1-03/647237/Abstract-PD1-03-A-multicenter-phase-II-study.

Barroso-Sousa R, Keenan TE, Li T, Tayob N, Trippa L, Pastorello RG, et al. Nivolumab in combination with cabozantinib for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a phase II and biomarker study. npj Breast Cancer 2021 71 [Internet]. 2021 Aug 25 [cited 2022 Apr 6];7(1):1–8. Available from: https://www-nature-com.sire.ub.edu/articles/s41523-021-00287-9.

Schmid P, Salgado R, Park YH, Muñoz-Couselo E, Kim SB, Sohn J et al. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment of high-risk, early-stage triple-negative breast cancer: results from the phase 1b open-label, multicohort KEYNOTE-173 study. Ann Oncol [Internet]. 2020 May 1 [cited 2022 Mar 7];31(5):569–81. Available from: http://www.annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923753420360324/fulltext.

Callari M, Barreca M, Dugo M, Galbardi B, Viganò L, Locatelli A, et al. Abstract PD10-09: Comparison of early modulation of biological pathways and immune microenvironment by anthracyclines- or taxane-based treatment. Cancer Res. 2022;82:PD10-09-PD10-09. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-pd10-09.

Loibl S, Schneeweiss A, Huober JB, Braun M, Rey J, Blohmer JU et al. Durvalumab improves long-term outcome in TNBC: results from the phase II randomized GeparNUEVO study investigating neodjuvant durvalumab in addition to an anthracycline/taxane based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in early triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). https://doi-org.sire.ub.edu/101200/JCO20213915_suppl506. 2021 May 28;39(15_suppl):506–506.

Tarantino P, Gandini S, Trapani D, Criscitiello C, Curigliano G. Immunotherapy addition to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early triple negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol [Internet]. 2021 Mar 1 [cited 2022 Mar 12];159. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.sire.ub.edu/33482345/.

Armstrong N, Ryder S, Forbes C, Ross J, Gw Quek R. A systematic review of the international prevalence of BRCA mutation in breast cancer. 2019; Available from: http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S206949.

Robson M, Im S-A, Senkus E, Xu B, Domchek SM, Masuda N, et al. Olaparib for metastatic breast cancer in patients with a germline BRCA mutation . N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2017 Aug 10 [cited 2022 Apr 27];377(6):523–33. Available from: https://www-nejm-org.sire.ub.edu/doi/https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1706450.

Litton JK, Rugo HS, Ettl J, Hurvitz SA, Gonçalves A, Lee K-H et al. Talazoparib in patients with advanced breast cancer and a germline BRCA mutation. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2018 Aug 23 [cited 2022 Apr 27];379(8):753–63. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30110579/.

Jiao S, Xia W, Yamaguchi H, Wei Y, Chen M-K, Hsu J-M, et al. PARP inhibitor upregulates PD-L1 expression and enhances cancer-associated immunosuppression. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23:3711–20. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-3215.

Vinayak S, Tolaney SM, Schwartzberg L, Mita M, McCann G, Tan AR, et al. Open-label clinical trial of niraparib combined with pembrolizumab for treatment of advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. JAMA Oncol [Internet]. 2019;5(8):1132–40. Available from: https://jamanetwork.com/.

Domchek SM, Postel-Vinay S, Im SA, Park YH, Delord JP, Italiano A, et al. Olaparib and durvalumab in patients with germline BRCA-mutated metastatic breast cancer (MEDIOLA): an open-label, multicentre, phase 1/2, basket study. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21(9):1155–64.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Luen S, Virassamy B, Savas P, Salgado R, Loi S. The genomic landscape of breast cancer and its interaction with host immunity. Breast. 2016;1(29):241–50.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rugo HS, Delord JP, Im SA, Ott PA, Piha-Paul SA, Bedard PL, et al. Safety and antitumor activity of pembrolizumab in patients with estrogen receptor–positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative advanced breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2018;24(12):2804–11.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tolaney SM, Barroso-Sousa R, Keenan T, Li T, Trippa L, Vaz-Luis I et al. Effect of eribulin with or without pembrolizumab on progression-free survival for patients with hormone receptor–positive, ERBB2-negative metastatic breast cancer: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol [Internet]. 2020 Oct 1 [cited 2022 Apr 27];6(10):1598–605. Available from: https://jamanetwork-com.sire.ub.edu/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2769923.

Pérez-García JM, Llombart-Cussac A, G. Cortés M, Curigliano G, López-Miranda E, Alonso JL, et al. Pembrolizumab plus eribulin in hormone-receptor-positive, HER2-negative, locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer (KELLY): an open-label, multicentre, single-arm, phase II trial. Eur J Cancer [Internet]. 2021 May 1 [cited 2022 Apr 27];148:382–94. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33794440/.

Hamilton E, Shapiro CL, Petrylak D, Boni V, Martin M, Conte G Del et al. Abstract PD3–07: Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd; DS-8201) with nivolumab in patients with HER2-expressing, advanced breast cancer: a 2-part, phase 1b, multicenter, open-label study. Cancer Res [Internet]. 2021 Feb 15 [cited 2022 Apr 6];81(4_Supplement):PD3–07. Available from: https://aacrjournals-org.sire.ub.edu/cancerres/article/81/4_Supplement/PD3-07/648109/Abstract-PD3-07-Trastuzumab-deruxtecan-T-DXd-DS.

Loi S, Giobbie-Hurder A, Gombos A, Bachelot T, Hui R, Curigliano G, et al. Pembrolizumab plus trastuzumab in trastuzumab-resistant, advanced, HER2-positive breast cancer (PANACEA): a single-arm, multicentre, phase 1b–2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20(3):371–82.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Emens LA, Esteva FJ, Beresford M, Saura C, De Laurentiis M, Kim SB et al. Trastuzumab emtansine plus atezolizumab versus trastuzumab emtansine plus placebo in previously treated, HER2-positive advanced breast cancer (KATE2): a phase 2, multicentre, randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet Oncol [Internet]. 2020 Oct 1 [cited 2022 Apr 6];21(10):1283–95. Available from: http://www.thelancet.com/article/S1470204520304654/fulltext.

Chia S, Bedard PL, Hilton J, Amir E, Gelmon K, Goodwin R et al. A Phase Ib trial of durvalumab in combination with trastuzumab in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (CCTG IND.229). 2019; https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0321.

Goel S, DeCristo MJ, McAllister SS, Zhao JJ. CDK4/6 inhibition in cancer: beyond cell cycle arrest. Trends Cell Biol [Internet]. 2018 Nov 1 [cited 2022 Apr 6];28(11):911. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC6689321/.

Deng J, Wang ES, Jenkins RW, Li S, Dries R, Yates K, et al. CDK4/6 inhibition augments antitumor immunity by enhancing T-cell activation. Cancer Discov. 2018;8(2):216–33.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tolaney SM, Jerusalem G, Salgado R, Liu X, Chen T, Zhang H et al. A phase II trial of nivolumab (NIVO) + palbociclib (PAL) + anastrozole (ANA) in postmenopausal women and men with estrogen receptor (ER)+/human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)- primary breast cancer (BC): CheckMate 7A8. https://doi-org.sire.ub.edu/101200/JCO20203815_supplTPS1105. 2020 May 25;38(15_suppl):TPS1105–TPS1105.

Masuda J, Tsurutani J, Masuda N, Tanabe Y, Iwasa T, Takahashi M et al. Abstract PS12–10: Phase II study of nivolumab in combination with abemaciclib plus endocrine therapy in patients with HR+, HER2- metastatic breast cancer: WJOG11418B NEWFLAME trial. Cancer Res [Internet]. 2021 Feb 15 [cited 2022 Apr 5];81(4_Supplement):PS12–10. Available from: https://aacrjournals-org.sire.ub.edu/cancerres/article/81/4_Supplement/PS12-10/648421/Abstract-PS12-10-Phase-II-study-of-nivolumab-in.

Yuan Y, Lee JS, Yost SE, Frankel PH, Ruel C, Egelston CA, et al. Phase I/II trial of palbociclib, pembrolizumab and letrozole in patients with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2021;1(154):11–20.

Article  Google Scholar 

Jerusalem G, Prat A, Salgado RF, Reinisch M, Saura C, Ruiz Borrego M et al. 92MO Neoadjuvant nivolumab (NIVO) + palbociclib (PALBO) + anastrozole (ANA) for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) primary breast cancer (BC): CheckMate 7A8. Ann Oncol [Internet]. 2022 May;33:S165–6. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0923753422004872.

Pernas S, Tolaney SM. Clinical trial data and emerging strategies: HER2-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022 [Internet]. 2022 Apr 9 [cited 2022 Apr 28];1:1–11. Available from: https://link-springer-com.sire.ub.edu/article/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-022-06575-7.

Kumagai S, Koyama S, Nishikawa H. Antitumour immunity regulated by aberrant ERBB family signalling. Nat Rev Cancer 2021 213 [Internet]. 2021 Jan 18 [cited 2022 Apr 28];21(3):181–97. Available from: https://www-nature-com.sire.ub.edu/articles/s41568-020-00322-0.

Triulzi T, Regondi V, De Cecco L, Cappelletti MR, Di Modica M, Paolini B, et al. ARTICLE Early immune modulation by single-agent trastuzumab as a marker of trastuzumab benefit. Br J Cancer [Internet]. 2018;119:1487–94. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-018-0318-0.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chaganty BKR, Qiu S, Gest A, Lu Y, Ivan C, Calin GA, et al. Trastuzumab upregulates PD-L1 as a potential mechanism of trastuzumab resistance through engagement of immune effector cells and stimulation of IFNγ secretion HHS Public Access. Cancer Lett. 2018;430:47–56.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Keilholz U, Mehnert JM, Bauer S, Bourgeois H, Patel MR, Gravenor D et al. Avelumab in patients with previously treated metastatic melanoma: phase 1b results from the JAVELIN Solid Tumor trial. J Immunother cancer [Internet]. 2019 Jan 16 [cited 2022 Apr 6];7(1). Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.sire.ub.edu/30651126/.

Cortés J, Kim S-B, Chung W-P, Im S-A, Park YH, Hegg R et al. Trastuzumab deruxtecan versus trastuzumab emtansine for breast cancer. https://doi-org.sire.ub.edu/101056/NEJMoa2115022 [Internet]. 2022 Mar 23 [cited 2022 Apr 6];386(12):1143–54. Available from: https://www-nejm-org.sire.ub.edu/doi/full/https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2115022.

Iwata TN, Ishii C, Ishida S, Ogitani Y, Wada T, Agatsuma T. A HER2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate, trastuzumab deruxtecan (DS-8201a), enhances antitumor immunity in a mouse model. Mol Cancer Ther [Internet]. 2018 Jul 1 [cited 2022 Apr 6];17(7):1494–503. Available from: https://aacrjournals-org.sire.ub.edu/mct/article/17/7/1494/92507/A-HER2-Targeting-Antibody-Drug-Conjugate.

Andrikopoulou A, Zografos E, Liontos M, Koutsoukos K, Dimopoulos MA, Zagouri F. Trastuzumab deruxtecan (DS-8201a): the latest research and advances in breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer. 2021;21(3):e212–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huober J, Barrios CH, Niikura N, Jarzab M, Chang Y-C, Huggins-Puhalla SL et al. VP6–2021: IMpassion050: A phase III study of neoadjuvant atezolizumab + pertuzumab + trastuzumab + chemotherapy (neoadj A + PH + CT) in high-risk, HER2-positive early breast cancer (EBC). Ann Oncol [Internet]. 2021 Aug 1 [cited 2022 Apr 4];32(8):1061–2. Available from: http://www.annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923753421020251/fulltext.

Stovgaard ES, Dyhl-Polk A, Roslind A, Balslev E, Nielsen D. PD-L1 expression in breast cancer: expression in subtypes and prognostic significance: a systematic review. Breast Cancer Res Treat [Internet]. 2019 Apr 30 [cited 2022 May 3];174(3):571–84. Available from: https://link-springer-com.sire.ub.edu/article/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-019-05130-1.

Bailly C, Thuru X, Quesnel B. Soluble programmed death ligand-1 (sPD-L1): a pool of circulating proteins implicated in health and diseases. Cancers (Basel) [Internet]. 2021 Jun 17 [cited 2022 Apr 30];13(12). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34204509.

Vafaizadeh V, Barekati Z. Immuno-oncology biomarkers for personalized immunotherapy in breast cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol [Internet]. 2020 Mar 17 [cited 2022 Apr 30];8. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7089925/.

Denkert C, von Minckwitz G, Darb-Esfahani S, Lederer B, Heppner BI, Weber KE et al. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and prognosis in different subtypes of breast cancer: a pooled analysis of 3771 patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy. Lancet Oncol [Internet]. 2018 Jan 1 [cited 2020 Aug 16];19(1):40–50. Available from: http://www.thelancet.com/article/S147020451730904X/fulltext.

Criscitiello C, Vingiani A, Maisonneuve P, Viale G, Viale G, Curigliano G. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in ER+/HER2- breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat [Internet]. 2020 Sep 1 [cited 2022 Apr 30];183(2):347–54. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32621251/.

Burstein HJ, Curigliano G, Loibl S, Dubsky P, Gnant M, Poortmans P, et al. Estimating the benefits of therapy for early-stage breast cancer: the St. Gallen International Consensus Guidelines for the primary therapy of early breast cancer 2019. Ann Oncol. 2019;30(10):1541–57.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cardoso F, Paluch-Shimon S, Senkus E, Curigliano G, Aapro M, André F et al. Journal Pre-proof 5th ESO-ESMO international consensus guidelines for advanced breast cancer (ABC 5) †. Ann Oncol [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Oct 5]; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2020.09.010.

Li F, Li C, Cai X, Xie Z, Zhou L, Cheng B et al. The association between CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and the clinical outcome of cancer immunotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine [Internet]. 2021 Nov 1 [cited 2022 Mar 21];41. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC8452798/.

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif