Figure 1. Prescription of systemic antibiotics in dental and primary care overall from January 2017 to De-cember 2021 in DID. Abbreviations: DID, defined daily doses per 1000 statutory health-insured persons per day; WHO, World Health Organization.

Figure 2. Trends for dental and all clindamycin prescriptions in primary care.

Table 1. Prescription of systemic antibiotics by dentists during 2017 to 2021 in DID. Abbreviations: DID, defined daily doses per 1000 statutory health-insured persons per day; %, share of all prescribed antibiotics; Δ, difference between 2021 and 2017 DID; Δ %, percentage difference between 2021 and 2017 DID.

Table 1. Prescription of systemic antibiotics by dentists during 2017 to 2021 in DID. Abbreviations: DID, defined daily doses per 1000 statutory health-insured persons per day; %, share of all prescribed antibiotics; Δ, difference between 2021 and 2017 DID; Δ %, percentage difference between 2021 and 2017 DID.

Year20172018201920202021 SubstanceDID%DID%DID%DID%DID%ΔΔ%All antibiotics1.200100.0%1.185100.0%1.193100.0%1.169100.0%1.245100.0%0.0453.7%Amoxicillin0.50542.1%0.53044.7%0.56047.0%0.57048.7%0.62750.4%0.12224.2%Clindamycin0.37431.1%0.34028.7%0.31926.8%0.29525.2%0.29423.6%−0.080−21.4%Amoxicillin and beta-lactamase inhibitor0.1008.4%0.1139.5%0.12810.8%0.13911.9%0.16413.1%0.06462.8%Phenoxymethylpenicillin0.1109.2%0.0998.3%0.0907.5%0.0796.8%0.0756.0%−0.035−32.1%Doxycycline0.0363.0%0.0322.7%0.0302.5%0.0272.3%0.0262.1%−0.010−26.2%Cefuroxime0.0282.3%0.0262.2%0.0242.0%0.0221.9%0.0221.8%−0.006−20.7%Metronidazole0.0151.3%0.0151.3%0.0161.3%0.0141.2%0.0141.1%−0.001−8.9%Other antibiotics0.0322.6%0.0302.6%0.0262.1%0.0232.0%0.0231.9%−0.009–28.7%

Table 2. Prescription of systemic antibiotics in primary care during 2017 to 2021 in DID. Abbreviations: DID, defined daily doses per 1000 statutory health-insured persons per day; %, share of all prescribed antibiotics; Δ, difference between 2021 and 2017 DID; Δ %, percentage difference between 2021 and 2017 DID.

Table 2. Prescription of systemic antibiotics in primary care during 2017 to 2021 in DID. Abbreviations: DID, defined daily doses per 1000 statutory health-insured persons per day; %, share of all prescribed antibiotics; Δ, difference between 2021 and 2017 DID; Δ %, percentage difference between 2021 and 2017 DID.

Year20172018201920202021 SubstanceDID%DID%DID%DID%DID%ΔΔ%All antibiotics12.581100.0%11.925100.0%11.242100.0%8.786100.0%8.056100.0%−4.525−36.0%Amoxicillin2.33218.5%2.37919.9%2.33220.7%1.70219.4%1.57519.6%−0.757−32.5%Doxycycline1.60212.7%1.50612.6%1.39212.4%1.27414.5%1.15614.4%−0.446−27.8%Cefuroxime2.14417.0%1.89915.9%1.74315.5%1.20713.7%0.99412.3%−1.150−53.7%Amoxicillin and beta-lactamase inhibitor0.5764.6%0.6455.4%0.7486.6%0.7048.0%0.7539.3%0.17730.8%Clindamycin0.6265.0%0.5915.0%0.5755.1%0.5336.1%0.5256.5%−0.101−16.2%Phenoxymethylpenicillin0.6365.1%0.6075.1%0.6105.4%0.3974.5%0.2983.7%−0.338−53.1%Metronidazole0.0790.6%0.0770.6%0.0740.7%0.0700.8%0.0690.9%−0.010−13.0%Other antibiotics4.58636.5%4.22135.5%3.76833.6%2.89933.0%2.68633.3%−1.900−41.4%