Oliver M, Inaba K, Tang A et al (2012) The changing epidemiology of spinal trauma: a 13-year review from a Level I trauma centre. Injury 43:1296–1300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2012.04.021

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Rhee P, Kuncir EJ, Johnson L et al (2006) Cervical spine injury is highly dependent on the mechanism of injury following blunt and penetrating assault. J Trauma Inj Infect Crit Care 61:1166–1170. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ta.0000188163.52226.97

Article  Google Scholar 

Heyde CE, Ertel W, Kayser R (2005) Die Versorgung von Wirbelsäulenverletzungen beim Polytrauma. Orthopade 34:889–905. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-005-0847-0

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cotton BA, Pryor JP, Chinwalla I et al (2005) Respiratory complications and mortality risk associated with thoracic spine injury. J Trauma Inj Infect Crit Care 59:1400–1409. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ta.0000196005.49422.e6

Article  Google Scholar 

Lemburg S, Frangen T, Knoop H et al (2011) Prognostische pulmonale und thorakale Befunde bei Patienten mit instabilen Verletzungen der Brustwirbelsäule. Pneumologie 65:412–418. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1256218

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

McHenry TP, Mirza SK, Wang J et al (2006) Risk factors for respiratory failure following operative stabilization of thoracic and lumbar spine fractures. J Bone Jt Surg Am 88:997–1005. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.E.00560

Article  Google Scholar 

Woltmann A, Bühren V (2004) Shock trauma room management of spinal injuries in the framework of multiple trauma. A systematic review of the literature]. Unfallchirurg 107:911–918. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-004-0829-4

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Holbrook TL, Hoyt DB, Coimbra R et al (2007) Trauma in adolescents causes long-term marked deficits in quality of life: adolescent children do not recover preinjury quality of life or function up to two years postinjury compared to national norms. J Trauma Inj Infect Crit Care 62:577–583. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e318031aa97

Article  Google Scholar 

Hebert JS, Burnham RS (2000) The effect of polytrauma in persons with traumatic spine injury: A prospective database of spine fractures. Spine 25:55. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200001010-00011

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Joubert C, Cungi P-J, Esnault P et al (2020) Surgical management of spine injuries in severe polytrauma patients: a retrospective study. Br J Neurosurg 34:370–380. https://doi.org/10.1080/02688697.2019.1692787

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

O’Boynick CP, Kurd MF, Darden BV et al (2014) Timing of surgery in thoracolumbar trauma: is early intervention safe? Neurosurg Focus 37:E7. https://doi.org/10.3171/2014.5.FOCUS1473

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schinkel C, Anastasiadis AP (2008) The timing of spinal stabilization in polytrauma and in patients with spinal cord injury. Curr Opin Crit Care 14:685–689. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCC.0b013e328319650b

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Konieczny MR, Strüwer J, Jettkant B et al (2015) Early versus late surgery of thoracic spine fractures in multiple injured patients: is early stabilization always recommendable? Spine J 15:1713–1718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2013.07.469

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

DiMarco AF, Dawson NV (2014) Risk factors for mortality in spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 37:670–671. https://doi.org/10.1179/2045772314Y.0000000208

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Strauss DJ, DeVivo MJ, Paculdo DR, Shavelle RM (2006) Trends in life expectancy after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 87:1079–1085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2006.04.022

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Middleton JW, Dayton A, Walsh J et al (2012) Life expectancy after spinal cord injury: a 50-year study. Spinal Cord 50:803–811. https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.2012.55

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bederman SS, Murnaghan O, Malempati H et al (2011) In-Hospital mortality and surgical utilization in severely polytraumatized patients with and without spinal injury. J Trauma Inj Infect Crit Care 71:E71–E78. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e3182092eac

Article  Google Scholar 

Ticó N, Ramon S, Garcia-Ortun F et al (1998) Traumatic spinal cord injury complicating ankylosing spondylitis. Spinal Cord 36:349–352. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3100619

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Caron T, Bransford R, Nguyen Q et al (2010) Spine fractures in patients with ankylosing spinal disorders. Spine 35:E458-464. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181cc764f

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jacobs WB, Fehlings MG (2008) Ankylosing spondylitis and spinal cord injury: origin, incidence, management, and avoidance. Neurosurg Focus 24:E12. https://doi.org/10.3171/FOC/2008/24/1/E12

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Varma A, Hill EG, Nicholas J, Selassie A (2010) Predictors of early mortality after traumatic spinal cord injury: a population-based study. Spine 35:778–783. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181ba1359

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Martin ND, Marks JA, Donohue J et al (2011) The mortality inflection point for age and acute cervical spinal cord injury. J Trauma Inj Infect Crit Care 71:380–386. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e318228221f

Article  Google Scholar 

Neumann CR, Brasil AV, Albers F (2009) Risk factors for mortality in traumatic cervical spinal cord injury: Brazilian data. J Trauma Inj Infect Crit Care 67:67–70. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e3181aa63f3

Article  Google Scholar 

van Middendorp JJ, Albert TJ, Veth RPH, Hosman AJF (2010) Methodological systematic review: mortality in elderly patients with cervical spine injury: a critical appraisal of the reporting of baseline characteristics, follow-up, cause of death, and analysis of risk factors. Spine 35:1079–1087. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181bc9fd2

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Inglis T, Banaszek D, Rivers CS et al (2020) In-hospital mortality for the elderly with acute traumatic spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 37:2332–2342. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2019.6912

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tee JW, Chan PCH, Gruen RL et al (2013) Early predictors of mortality after spine trauma: a Level 1 Australian trauma center study. Spine 38:169–177. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182634cbf

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chhabra HS, Sharawat R, Vishwakarma G (2021) In-hospital mortality in people with complete acute traumatic spinal cord injury at a tertiary care center in India—a retrospective analysis. Spinal Cord. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-021-00657-x

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Weinberg DS, Hedges BZ, Belding JE et al (2017) Risk factors for pulmonary complication following fixation of spine fractures. Spine J 17:1449–1456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2017.05.008

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bokhari AR, Sivakumar B, Sefton A et al (2019) Morbidity and mortality in cervical spine injuries in the elderly. ANZ J Surg 89:412–417. https://doi.org/10.1111/ans.14875

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Turrentine FE, Wang H, Simpson VB, Jones RS (2006) Surgical risk factors, morbidity, and mortality in elderly patients. J Am Coll Surg 203:865–877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.08.026

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Weinberg DS, Hedges BZ, Belding JE et al (2017) Risk factors for pulmonary complication following fixation of spine fractures. Spine J Off J North Am Spine Soc 17:1449–1456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2017.05.008

Article  Google Scholar 

Conradsson D, Phillips J, Nizeyimana E et al (2019) Risk indicators of length of acute hospital stay after traumatic spinal cord injury in South Africa: a prospective, population-based study. Spinal Cord 57:763–769. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-019-0286-0

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar