Preliminary exploration of facial electromyographic indices of pain in people undergoing hand surgery

Abstract

Assessing pain levels in real-world conditions, such as during active surgery, can be challenging. Self-reports, often considered globally as "ground truth" can be unreliable, episodic and ill-suited to routine monitoring or use with non-verbal patients. Lately, physiological measurements have been explored as an objective method for assessing the symptoms of pain increase on the body. We investigated the effects of pain (high pain) using a facial mask - emteqPRO, equipped with seven facial electromyographic (fEMG) sensors. Our aims were to: (i) investigate the efficacy of continuous physiological monitoring within surgery at a hospital environment, and (ii) to produce initial findings and show how pain increases affects the data from fEMG sensors.

Competing Interest Statement

The study was funded by Emteq Ltd., Brighton, UK.

Funding Statement

The study was funded by Emteq Ltd., Brighton, UK.

Author Declarations

I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.

Yes

The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:

The study was reviewed and approved by the South Central - Oxford C Research EthicsCommittee (19/SC/0274).

I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals.

Yes

I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).

Yes

I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable.

Yes

Data Availability

All data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors.

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