1 Duke Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.

2 Emergency Medicine Service, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC.

3 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC.

4 Duke Regional Hospital, Durham, NC.

5 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.

6 Medical Service, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC.

*See also p. 1834.

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C.F. and E.L.T. conceived and designed the experiments. E.R.K., G.S.G., M.T.M., C.W.W., and E.L.T. collected the samples. T.W.B. processed samples. C.F.,. Y.L., and R.H. analyzed the data. C.F. and E.L.T. wrote the article.

Supported, in part, by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (contract number N6600109-C2082). Also supported, in part, by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under award number UM1AI104681.

Dr. Fiorino’s institution received funding from the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) (N6600109-C2082) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (UM1AI104681); she received funding from the Eugene A. Stead Scholarship, Duke University School of Medicine. Drs. Fiorino, Burke, McClain, Woods, and Tsalik received support for article research from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Dr. Burke’s institution received funding from DARPA and NIAID. Drs. Burke, Ginsburg, Woods, and Tsalik received funding from Biomeme. Dr. McClain’s institution received funding from the NIH. Dr. Woods’ institution received funding from Janssen; he received funding from IDbyDNA, Vavarian, Nordic, Roche, Molecular Karius, Sanofi, the American Society of Microbiology, and FHI360Clinical. Drs. Henao, Ginsburg, Woods, and Tsalik have filed a patent for a Gene Expression Signatures Useful to Predict or Diagnose Sepsis and Methods of Using the Same. Dr. Tsalik’s institution received funding from Predigen; he received funding from Predigen. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.

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