An update on uterine artery embolization for uterine leiomyomata and adenomyosis of the uterus

1. Geary RS, , Gurol-Urganci I, , Kiran A, , Cromwell DA, , Bansi-Matharu L, , Shakespeare J, , et al.. Factors associated with receiving surgical treatment for menorrhagia in England and Wales: findings from a cohort study of the National heavy menstrual bleeding audit. BMJ Open 2019; 9(2): e024260. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024260

2. Clements W, , Ang WC, , Law M, , Goh GS. Treatment of symptomatic fibroid disease using uterine fibroid embolisation: an Australian perspective. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2020; 60: 324–29. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.13120

3. Bulun SE. Uterine fibroids. N Engl J Med 2013; 369: 1344–55. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1209993

4. Drayer SM, , Catherino WH. Prevalence, morbidity, and current medical management of uterine leiomyomas. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2015; 131: 117–22. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.04.051

5. Stewart EA. Uterine fibroids. Lancet 2001; 357: 293–98. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03622-9

6. Al-Hendy A, , Myers ER, , Stewart E. Uterine fibroids: burden and unmet medical need. Semin Reprod Med 2017; 35: 473–80. doi: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1607264

7. Martín-Merino E, , Wallander M-A, , Andersson S, , Soriano-Gabarró M, , Rodríguez LAG. The reporting and diagnosis of uterine fibroids in the UK: an observational study. BMC Womens Health 2016; 16: 45. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-016-0320-8

8. Donnez J, , Dolmans MM. Uterine fibroid management: from the present to the future. Hum Reprod Update 2016; 22: 665–86. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmw023

9. Downes E, , Sikirica V, , Gilabert-Estelles J, , Bolge SC, , Dodd SL, , Maroulis C, , et al.. The burden of uterine fibroids in five European countries. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010; 152: 96–102. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.05.012

10. de Bruijn AM, , Ankum WM, , Reekers JA, , Birnie E, , van der Kooij SM, , Volkers NA, , et al.. Uterine artery embolization vs hysterectomy in the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids: 10-year outcomes from the randomized EMMY trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 215: 745. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2016.06.051

11. Edwards RD, , Moss JG, , Lumsden MA, , Wu O, , Murray LS, , Twaddle S, , et al.. Uterine-artery embolization versus surgery for symptomatic uterine fibroids. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 360–70. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa062003

12. Manyonda I, , Belli A-M, , Lumsden M-A, , Moss J, , McKinnon W, , Middleton LJ, , et al.. Uterine-artery embolization or myomectomy for uterine fibroids. N Engl J Med 2020; 383: 440–51. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1914735

13. Pinto I, , Chimeno P, , Romo A, , et al.. Uterine fibroids: uterine artery embolization versus abdominal hysterectomy for treatment--a prospective, randomized, and controlled clinical trial. Radiology. Feb 2003;226(2):425-31. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1148/radiol.2262011716

14. Scheurig-Muenkler C, , Poellinger A, , Wagner M, , Hamm B, , Kroencke TJ. Ovarian artery embolization in patients with collateral supply to symptomatic uterine leiomyomata. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. Dec 2011;34(6):1199-207. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00270-010-9991-y

15. Chang S, , Lee MS, , Kim MD, , et al.. Inferior Mesenteric Artery Collaterals to the Uterus during Uterine Artery Embolization: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes. J Vasc Interv Radiol. Sep 2013;24(9):1353-60. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2013.05.049

16. Das R, , Champaneria R, , Daniels JP, , Belli AM. Comparison of embolic agents used in uterine artery embolisation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2014; 37: 1179–90. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-013-0790-0

17. Bengtsson J, , Cwikiel W, , Sundgren PC, , Karlstam E, , Gavier-Widén D, , Keussen I. The effects of uterine artery embolization with a new degradable microsphere in an experimental study. Acta Radiol 2017; 58: 1334–41. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0284185117694510

18. Ye Y, , Ren Y, , Zeng H, , He J, , Zhong Z, , Wu X. Characterization of calibrated gelatin sponge particles in a rabbit renal embolization model. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2019; 42: 1183–91. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-019-02224-7

19. Hacking N, , Maclean D, , Vigneswaran G, , Bryant T, , Modi S. Uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) with optisphere: a prospective study of a new, spherical, resorbable embolic agent. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2020; 43: 897–903. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-020-02460-2

20. Sato H, , Sonomura T, , Onishi S, , Koike M, , Tanaka R, , Ueda S, , et al.. Comparison of uterine necrosis after uterine artery embolization with soluble gelatin sponge particles or tris-acryl gelatin microspheres in swine. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2021; 44: 1780–89. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-021-02905-2

21. Banu NS, , Gaze DC, , Bruce H, , Collinson PO, , Belli AM, , Manyonda IT. Markers of muscle ischemia, necrosis, and inflammation following uterine artery embolization in the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 196: 213. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2006.10.888

22. Pelage JP, , Guaou NG, , Jha RC, , Ascher SM, , Spies JB. Uterine fibroid tumors: long-term MR imaging outcome after embolization. Radiology 2004; 230: 803–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2303030111

23. Kroencke TJ, , Scheurig C, , Poellinger A, , Gronewold M, , Hamm B. Uterine artery embolization for leiomyomas: percentage of infarction predicts clinical outcome. Radiology 2010; 255: 834–41. doi: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.10090977

24. Scheurig-Muenkler C, , Wagner M, , Franiel T, , Hamm B, , Kroencke TJ. Effect of uterine artery embolization on uterine and leiomyoma perfusion: evidence of transient myometrial ischemia on magnetic resonance imaging. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2010; 21: 1347–53. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2010.05.008

25. Han K, , Kim SY, , Kim HJ, , Kwon JH, , Kim GM, , Lee J, , et al.. Nonspherical polyvinyl alcohol particles versus tris-acryl microspheres: randomized controlled trial comparing pain after uterine artery embolization for symptomatic fibroids. Radiology 2021; 298: 458–65. doi: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020201895

26. Sher A, , Garvey A, , Kamat S, , et al.. Single-System Experience With Outpatient Transradial Uterine Artery Embolization: Safety, Feasibility, Outcomes, and Early Rates of Return. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Apr 2021;216(4):975-980. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.2214/AJR.20.23343

27. Katsumori T, , Yoshikawa T, , Sasakura Y, , Yasumura T, , Hisano M. Timing of Uterine Artery Embolization for Leiomyoma during the Menstrual Cycle. J Vasc Interv Radiol. Mar 2021;32(3):332-338. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2020.11.014

28. Saibudeen A, , Makris GC, , Elzein A, , et al.. Pain Management Protocols During Uterine Fibroid Embolisation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. Dec 2019;42(12):1663-1677. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00270-019-02327-1

29. Graif A, , Leung DA, , McKenna G, , Patel KD, , Holmes LE, , Grilli CJ. Evaluation of the Effect of Routine Antibiotic Administration after Uterine Artery Embolization on Infection Rates. J Vasc Interv Radiol. Aug 2020;31(8):1263-1269. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2020.03.026

30. Dariushnia SR, , Nikolic B, , Stokes LS, , Spies JB. Society of interventional radiology standards of practice C. quality improvement guidelines for uterine artery embolization for symptomatic leiomyomata. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2014; 25: 1737–47. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2014.08.029

31. van Overhagen H, , Reekers JA. Uterine artery embolization for symptomatic leiomyomata. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2015; 38: 536–42. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-014-1031-x

32. Kröncke T, , David M. Uterine artery embolization (UAE) for fibroid treatment-results of the 7th radiological gynecological expert meeting. Rofo 2019; 191: 630–34. doi: https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0884-3168

33. de Bruijn AM, , Huisman J, , Hehenkamp WJK, , Lohle PNM, , Reekers JA, , Timmermans A, , et al.. Implementation of uterine artery embolization for symptomatic fibroids in the Netherlands: an inventory and preference study. CVIR Endovasc 2019; 2: 18. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42155-019-0061-5

34. Zurawin RK, , Fischer JH, , Amir L. The effect of a gynecologist-interventional radiologist relationship on selection of treatment modality for the patient with uterine myoma. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2010; 17: 214–21. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2009.12.015

35. Liu Z, , Doan QV, , Blumenthal P, , Dubois RW. A systematic review evaluating health-related quality of life, work impairment, and health-care costs and utilization in abnormal uterine bleeding. Value Health. May-Jun 2007;10(3):183-94. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00168.x

36. Barral M, , Place V, , Dautry R, , et al.. Magnetic resonance imaging features of uterine sarcoma and mimickers. Abdom Radiol (NY). Jun 2017;42(6):1762-1772. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00261-017-1076-9

37. Dueholm M, , Lundorf E, , Hansen ES, , Ledertoug S, , Olesen F. Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and transvaginal ultrasonography in the diagnosis, mapping, and measurement of uterine myomas. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Mar 2002;186(3):409-15. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1067/mob.2002.121725

38. Kirby JM, , Burrows D, , Haider E, , Maizlin Z, , Midia M. Utility of MRI before and after uterine fibroid embolization: why to do it and what to look for. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. Aug 2011;34(4):705-16. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00270-010-0029-2

39. Kubik-Huch RA, , Weston M, , Nougaret S, , et al.. European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) Guidelines: MR Imaging of Leiomyomas. Eur Radiol. Aug 2018;28(8):3125-3137. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00330-017-5157-5

40. Rajan DK, , Margau R, , Kroll RR, , et al.. Clinical utility of ultrasound versus magnetic resonance imaging for deciding to proceed with uterine artery embolization for presumed symptomatic fibroids. Clin Radiol. Jan 2011;66(1):57-62. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.crad.2010.08.005

41. Siddiqui N, , Nikolaidis P, , Hammond N, , Miller FH. Uterine artery embolization: pre- and post-procedural evaluation using magnetic resonance imaging. Abdom Imaging 2013; 38: 1161–77. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-013-9990-y

42. Smith J, , Zawaideh JP, , Sahin H, , Freeman S, , Bolton H, , Addley HC. Differentiating uterine sarcoma from leiomyoma: BET (1) T (2) ER check! Br J Radiol 2021; 94: 1125. doi: https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20201332

43. Aminzadeh P, , Alibrahim E, , Dobrotwir A, , Paul E, , Goergen S. Multiparametric Mr evaluation of uterine leiomyosarcoma and stump versus leiomyoma in symptomatic women planned for high frequency focussed ultrasound: accuracy of imaging parameters and interobserver agreement for identification of malignancy. Br J Radiol 2021; 94: 1119: 20200483. doi: https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20200483

44. Coffin PH, , Ascher S, , Spies J. The risk of uterine malignancy in a population being evaluated for uterine fibroid embolization. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2020; 44: 893–900. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/RCT.0000000000001104

45. Bronico JVR, , Matthews BJ, , Perkins RB, , Lee E-M, , Morgan JR, , Nitschmann CC, , et al.. Incidence of gynecologic cancers in women after uterine artery embolization. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2021; 28: 1231–36: S1553-4650(20)31103-1. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2020.10.015

46. Kido A, , Monma C, , Togashi K, , et al.. Uterine arterial embolization for the treatment of diffuse leiomyomatosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol. May 2003;14(5):643-7. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1097/01.rvi.0000071095.76348.e0

47. Margau R, , Simons ME, , Rajan DK, , et al.. Outcomes after uterine artery embolization for pedunculated subserosal leiomyomas. J Vasc Interv Radiol. May 2008;19(5):657-61. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2007.11.022

48. Scheurig C, , Islam T, , Zimmermann E, , Hamm B, , Kroencke TJ. Uterine artery embolization in patients with symptomatic diffuse leiomyomatosis of the uterus. J Vasc Interv Radiol. Feb 2008;19(2 Pt 1):279-84. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2007.10.017

49. Smeets AJ, , Nijenhuis RJ, , van Rooij WJ, , Weimar EAM, , Boekkooi PF, , Lampmann LEH, , et al.. Uterine artery embolization in patients with a large fibroid burden: long-term clinical and Mr follow-up. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2010; 33: 943–48. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-009-9793-2

50. Karlsen K, , Hrobjartsson A, , Korsholm M, , Mogensen O, , Humaidan P, , Ravn P. Fertility after uterine artery embolization of fibroids: a systematic review. Arch Gynecol Obstet. Jan 2018;297(1):13-25. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00404-017-4566-7

51. Sandberg EM, , Tummers FHMP, , Cohen SL, , van den Haak L, , Dekkers OM, , Jansen FW. Reintervention risk and quality of life outcomes after uterine-sparing interventions for fibroids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 2018; 109: 698–707. S0015-0282(17)32103-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.11.033

52. Goodwin SC, , Spies JB, , Worthington-Kirsch R, , Peterson E, , Pron G, , Li S, , et al.. Uterine artery embolization for treatment of leiomyomata: long-term outcomes from the fibroid registry. Obstet Gynecol 2008; 111: 22–33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000296526.71749.c9

53. Dutton S, , Hirst A, , McPherson K, , Nicholson T, , Maresh M. A UK multicentre retrospective cohort study comparing hysterectomy and uterine artery embolisation for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids (hopeful study): main results on medium-term safety and efficacy. BJOG 2007; 114: 1340–51. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2007.01526.x

54. Hehenkamp WJK, , Volkers NA, , Birnie E, , Reekers JA, , Ankum WM. Symptomatic uterine fibroids: treatment with uterine artery embolization or hysterectomy -- results from the randomized clinical embolisation versus hysterectomy (EMMY) trial. Radiology 2008; 246: 823–32. doi: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2463070260

55. Mara M, , Fucikova Z, , Maskova J, , Kuzel D, , Haakova L. Uterine fibroid embolization versus myomectomy in women wishing to preserve fertility: preliminary results of a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2006; 126: 226–33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2005.10.008

56. Bazot M, , Daraï E. Role of transvaginal sonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of uterine adenomyosis. Fertil Steril 2018; 109: 389–97. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.01.024

57. Manyonda IT, , Bratby M, , Horst JS, , Banu N, , Gorti M, , Belli AM. Uterine artery embolization versus myomectomy: impact on quality of life--results of the FUME (Fibroids of the Uterus: Myomectomy versus Embolization) Trial. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. Jun 2012;35(3):530-6. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00270-011-0228-5

58. Moss JG, , Cooper KG, , Khaund A, , et al.. Randomised comparison of uterine artery embolisation (UAE) with surgical treatment in patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids (REST trial): 5-year results. BJOG. Jul 2011;118(8):936-44. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.02952.x

59. Daniels J, , Middleton LJ, , Cheed V, , et al.. Uterine artery embolization or myomectomy for women with uterine fibroids: Four-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X. Jan 2022;13:100139. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.eurox.2021.100139

60. Spies JB, , Coyne K, , Guaou Guaou N, , Boyle D, , Skyrnarz-Murphy K, , Gonzalves SM. The UFS-QOL, a new disease-specific symptom and health-related quality of life questionnaire for leiomyomata. Obstet Gynecol. Feb 2002;99(2):290-300. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(01)01702-1

61. Wallace K, , Zhang S, , Thomas L, , et al.. Comparative effectiveness of hysterectomy versus myomectomy on one-year health-related quality of life in women with uterine fibroids. Fertil Steril. Mar 2020;113(3):618-626. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.10.028

62. Cope AG, , Young RJ, , Stewart EA. Non-extirpative treatments for uterine myomas: measuring success. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2021; 28: 442–52. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2020.08.016

63. Laughlin-Tommaso S, , Barnard EP, , AbdElmagied AM, , Vaughan LE, , Weaver AL, , Hesley GK, , et al.. FIRSTT study: randomized controlled trial of uterine artery embolization vs focused ultrasound surgery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 220: 174. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2018.10.032

64. Ludwig PE, , Huff TJ, , Shanahan MM, , Stavas JM. Pregnancy success and outcomes after uterine fibroid embolization: updated review of published literature. Br J Radiol 2020; 93: 1105. doi: https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20190551

65. Serres-Cousine O, , Kuijper FM, , Curis E, , Atashroo D. Clinical investigation of fertility after uterine artery embolization. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 225: 403. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.05.033

66. Jansen LJ, , Clark NV, , Dmello M, , Gu X, , Einarsson JI, , Cohen SL. Perioperative Outcomes of Myomectomy for Extreme Myoma Burden: Comparison of Surgical Approaches. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. Sep - Oct 2019;26(6):1095-1103. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.jmig.2018.10.022

67. Liu X, , Tang J, , Luo Y, , Wang Y, , Song L, , Wang W. Comparison of high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation and secondary myomectomy for recurrent symptomatic uterine fibroids following myomectomy: a retrospective study. BJOG 2020; 127: 1422–28. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.16262

68. Llewellyn O, , Patel NR, , Mallon D, , Quinn SD, , Hamady M. Uterine artery embolisation for women with giant versus non-giant uterine fibroids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2020; 43: 684–93. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-019-02359-7

69. Bergeron C, , Amant F, , Ferenczy A. Pathology and physiopathology of adenomyosis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2006; 20: 511–21. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2006.01.016

70. García-Solares J, , Donnez J, , Donnez O, , Dolmans M-M. Pathogenesis of uterine adenomyosis: invagination or metaplasia? Fertil Steril 2018; 109: 371–79. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.12.030

71. Naftalin J, , Hoo W, , Pateman K, , Mavrelos D, , Holland T, , Jurkovic D. How common is adenomyosis? A prospective study of prevalence using transvaginal ultrasound in a gynaecology clinic. Hum Reprod 2012; 27: 3432–39. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/des332

72. Horton J, , Sterrenburg M, , Lane S, , Maheshwari A, , Li TC, , Cheong Y. Reproductive, obstetric, and perinatal outcomes of women with adenomyosis and endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2019; 25: 592–632. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmz012

73. Vannuccini S, , Luisi S, , Tosti C, , Sorbi F, , Petraglia F. Role of medical therapy in the management of uterine adenomyosis. Fertil Steril. Mar 2018;109(3):398-405. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.01.013

74. Fedele L, , Bianchi S, , Raffaelli R, , Portuese A, , Dorta M. Treatment of adenomyosis-associated menorrhagia with a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device. Fertil Steril. Sep 1997;68(3):426-9. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(97)00245-8

75. Lee KH, , Kim JK, , Lee MA, , et al.. Relationship between uterine volume and discontinuation of treatment with levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices in patients with adenomyosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. Sep 2016;294(3):561-6. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00404-016-4105-y

76. Oliveira MAP, , Crispi CP, , Brollo LC, , Crispi CP, , De Wilde RL. Surgery in adenomyosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. Mar 2018;297(3):581-589. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00404-017-4603-6

77. Osada H. Uterine adenomyosis and Adenomyoma: the surgical approach. Fertil Steril 2018; 109: 406–17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.01.032

78. Mikos T, , Lioupis M, , Anthoulakis C, , Grimbizis GF. The outcome of fertility-sparing and nonfertility-sparing surgery for the treatment of adenomyosis. A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2020; 27: 309–31. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2019.08.004

79. Sizzi O, , Rossetti A, , Malzoni M, , Minelli L, , La Grotta F, , Soranna L, , et al.. Italian multicenter study on complications of laparoscopic myomectomy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2007; 14: 453–62. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2007.01.013

80. Philip C-A, , Le Mitouard M, , Maillet L, , de Saint-Hilaire P, , Huissoud C, , Cortet M, , et al.. Evaluation of novasure® global endometrial ablation in symptomatic adenomyosis: a longitudinal study with a 36 month follow-up. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018; 227: 46–51. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.04.001

81. Liu L, , Wang T, , Lei B. Image-Guided thermal ablation in the management of symptomatic adenomyosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 38: 948–62. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02656736.2021.1939443

82. Pelage J-P, , Jacob D, , Fazel A, , Namur J, , Laurent A, , Rymer R, , et al.. Midterm results of uterine artery embolization for symptomatic adenomyosis: initial experience. Radiology 2005; 234: 948–53. doi: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2343031697

83. Siskin GP, , Tublin ME, , Stainken BF, , Dowling K, , Dolen EG. Uterine arter

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif